State Policy Research in Human Sexuality Industries

Prostitution Laws: Prostitution is illegal in Alabama. It is a crime to buy or sell sex, attempt to buy or sell sex, make money from prostitution, or promote prostitution. Defined as "the commission by a person of any natural or unnatural sexual act, sodomy, or sexual contact for monetary consideration or other thing of value." Penalties range from Class B misdemeanor to felony for offenses involving minors.

Illegal under Alabama's prostitution laws. Operating or assisting in the operation of a house of prostitution is prohibited.

Regulated as "adult-oriented establishments." The Anti-Obscenity Enforcement Act of 1998 prohibits the sale of sex toys.

Based on the Miller test - material must appeal to prurient interest, depict patently offensive sexual conduct, and lack serious literary/artistic/political/scientific value. Public indecency is a Class C misdemeanor.

No statewide zoning law; regulated at local level. Typically prohibits adult businesses within certain distances of residential areas, schools, churches, parks.

Handled at local level. Typically requires specific licenses for adult entertainment businesses and operators.

"Porn ID Law" (HB164) requires age verification for websites with sexual content, prohibiting retention of identifying information.

Ban on sex toy sales under Anti-Obscenity Enforcement Act of 1998. "Porn ID Law" (HB164) with 10% tax on adult companies.

HB164 (2024) implementing age verification for adult websites and imposing tax.

AL Code 13A-5-12, AL Code 13A-5-7, AL Code §§ 13A-12-120, 13A-12-121, 13A-12-121.1, 13A-12-130, 13A-12-131, 13A-12-200.1, 13A-12-200.11, 13A-12-200.12, 13A-12-200.2, 13A-6-68, Anti-Obscenity Enforcement Act of 1998, HB164.

• Alabama Code Title 13A (Criminal Code). (2024). Alabama Legislature. https://www.legislature.state.al.us/ • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2023). Alabama state profile: Sexual health education laws and policies. https://www.cdc.gov/healthyyouth/policy/pdf/summary_report_factsheets/Alabama.pdf • FindLaw. (2024). Alabama prostitution laws. Thomson Reuters. https://www.findlaw.com/state/alabama-law/alabama-prostitution-laws.html

Class B misdemeanor for a person who "engages in or agrees or offers to engage in sexual conduct in return for a fee." Becomes a Class C felony if the defendant is a patron of a prostitute under 18.

Illegal. State statutes regulate adult entertainment businesses but don't explicitly define 'brothel' as a legal entity.

Regulated at municipal level as 'adult-oriented businesses' with specific requirements for operation and display.

Addressed under Title 11, Chapter 61, Article 1, covering offenses related to pornography and indecency.

Zoning Laws: Primarily regulated at municipal level. Municipalities like Anchorage and Matanuska-Susitna Borough have specific restrictions on locations.

Handled at municipal level. Examples include Anchorage requiring Adult-Oriented Establishment Licenses.

House Bill 254 (HB 254) under consideration as of April 2024, requiring commercial entities publishing pornography to use reasonable age verification.

Alaska repealed its anti-sodomy law in 1980. Age of consent is 16.

Ongoing legislative efforts to raise age of sexual consent to 18 (House Bill 101).

Alaska Statutes § 11.66.100, Title 11 Chapter 66 Article 3, Title 11 Chapter 61 Article 1, Unalaska Code Chapter 9.36, Anchorage Municipal Code 10.40.050, HB 254, HB 101.

• Alaska Statutes Title 11 (Criminal Law). (2024). Alaska State Legislature. http://www.legis.state.ak.us/ • Sex Education Collaborative. (2024). Alaska state profile. https://sexeducationcollaborative.org/states/alaska • Guttmacher Institute. (2024). Sex and HIV education state laws and policies: Alaska. https://www.guttmacher.org/state-policy/explore/sex-and-hiv-education

First violation is a Class 1 misdemeanor with minimum 15 consecutive days in jail. Penalties increase with subsequent violations.

Illegal. State law bans licensed brothels in counties with populations over 700,000.

Regulated under "adult oriented businesses" category. Defined by percentage of products or floor space devoted to adult content.

ARS 13-3501 defines 'obscene' using three-part test. Penalties range from misdemeanor to felony.

ARS 13-1422 and ARS 11-811 prohibit adult businesses within one-fourth mile of schools, residences, etc.

Primarily at local level. Many jurisdictions require specific licenses for sexually oriented businesses.

HB2112 requires commercial entities publishing sexual material to verify users' ages. Civil penalties up to $10,000 per day for violations.

HB2112 for age verification on digital platforms.

HB2112 enacted May 2025, requiring age verification for online adult content.

ARS 13-3214, 13-3211, 13-3208, 13-1422, 11-811, 13-3501, 13-3502, 13-3507, 13-1403, House Bill 2112.

• Arizona Revised Statutes Title 13 (Criminal Code). (2024). Arizona State Legislature. https://www.azleg.gov/ • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2023). Arizona state profile: Sexual health education laws and policies. https://www.cdc.gov/healthyyouth/policy/pdf/summary_report_factsheets/Arizona.pdf • Arizona Department of Education. (2024). Health education standards. https://www.azed.gov/pe/health-education

Prostitution is illegal in Arkansas. A person commits prostitution if in return for or in expectation of a fee he or she engages in or agrees or offers to engage in sexual activity with any other person. Penalties: Class B misdemeanor for the first offense; Class A misdemeanor for a second or subsequent offense. Additional fines for those offering to pay, agreeing to pay, or paying a fee: $1,000 for Class B misdemeanor conviction, $2,500 for Class A misdemeanor conviction. These fines are deposited into the Safe Harbor Fund for Sexually Exploited Children and the Human Trafficking Victim Support Fund. It is not an offense if the person was a victim of trafficking of persons. If a minor is involved, law enforcement must determine if they were a victim of trafficking and notify the prosecuting attorney.

Arkansas law does not explicitly legalize or regulate brothels; they fall under the general prostitution laws. However, there are definitions and regulations for 'adult-oriented businesses' which include adult entertainment establishments. These include adult arcades, adult bookstores or video stores, adult cabarets, adult live entertainment establishments, adult motion picture theaters, and adult theaters. These definitions specify what constitutes nudity, seminudity, specific anatomical areas, and specific sexual activity.

Arkansas law defines 'adult bookstore or video store' as a commercial establishment that offers for sale or rent as one of its principal business purposes: (A) printed matter, photographs, films, etc., depicting or describing specific sexual activity; or (B) an instrument, a device, or paraphernalia that is designed for use in connection with a specific sexual activity. While there isn't a direct ban on sex toys, some local ordinances and past legal challenges suggest restrictions on their sale and display, often tied to obscenity laws or zoning.

Arkansas has laws against public display of obscenity and public sexual indecency. Public display of obscenity is a Class B misdemeanor. Public sexual indecency, which includes sexual intercourse, deviate sexual activity, or sexual contact in public view, is a Class A misdemeanor.

An adult-oriented business shall not be located within one thousand feet (1,000’) of a child care facility, park, place of worship, playground, public library, recreational area or facility, residence, or school.

While there isn't a single statewide licensing body for all adult businesses, local municipalities often have their own licensing and permit requirements for sexually oriented businesses. These can vary by city or county. Businesses are generally required to comply with state business licensing and local zoning laws.

Arkansas has a law (part of Act 612) that requires age verification for accessing online pornography, stating that providers cannot keep identifying information once age is established. A federal judge declared Arkansas's social media age-verification law unconstitutional in April 2025.

Arkansas was the first state to pass a statewide ban on gender-affirming care for transgender youth (Act 626 of 2021, Save Adolescents from Experimentation (SAFE) Act). Unlike some other states, Arkansas has no anti-sodomy laws that criminalize consensual sexual activity between same-sex partners or non-procreative sexual activity. Recent legislation has sought to classify drag performances as adult-oriented businesses, subjecting them to the same location restrictions as other adult businesses.

Several bills in 2025 (e.g., Act 663, Act 987, SB431) have aimed to strengthen Arkansas laws against human trafficking, including stricter classifications and penalties for promoting prostitution, eliminating statutes of limitations for certain offenses, and making it a felony to possess or manufacture materials related to child sex trafficking. A federal judge declared sections of Arkansas' library obscenity law unconstitutional in December 2024, which the Arkansas AG appealed in January 2025. A federal judge declared Arkansas's social media age-verification law unconstitutional in April 2025.

AR Code § 5-70-102 (2024); Acts 1975, No. 280, § 3002; 1981, No. 816, § 1; 1983, No. 414, § 1; A.S.A. 1947, § 41-3002; AR Code § 14-1-302 (2024); AR Code § 5-68-205 (2024); AR Code § 5-14-111 (2024); AR Code § 14-1-303 (2024); Local ordinances (e.g., Garland County Chapter 15 - BUSINESS LICENSES, West Memphis ARTICLE XIII. - ADULT ENTERTAINMENT ESTABLISHMENTS); Act 612; Act 626 of 2021 (SAFE Act); Act 663 (2025); Act 987 (2025); SB431 (2025); Federal court rulings regarding social media age verification and library obscenity laws.

• Arkansas Code Title 5 (Criminal Offenses). (2024). Arkansas General Assembly. https://www.arkleg.state.ar.us/ • Sex Education Collaborative. (2024). Arkansas state profile. https://sexeducationcollaborative.org/states/arkansas • Arkansas Department of Education. (2024). Health and physical education curriculum frameworks. https://dese.ade.arkansas.gov/

Legal Status: Prostitution is illegal throughout California. Both sex workers and clients ("johns") face criminal penalties. Definition of Prostitution (CA Penal Code): Engaging in or offering to engage in sexual conduct in exchange for money or other consideration. Prohibited Activities and Penalties: (a) Prostitution - Misdemeanor (up to 6 months jail, $1,000 fine) (b) Soliciting prostitution - Misdemeanor (up to 6 months jail, $1,000 fine) (c) Agreeing to engage in prostitution - Misdemeanor (up to 6 months jail, $1,000 fine) (d) Pimping - Felony (3-6 years prison) (e) Pandering - Felony (3-6 years prison) Recent Changes: Senate Bill 357 (2022) decriminalized loitering with intent to commit prostitution. Enhanced Penalties: Involving minors results in significantly increased penalties.

Brothels and houses of prostitution are illegal in California. CA Penal Code 315: Prohibits keeping, maintaining, or living in a house of prostitution. Prohibited Activities: - Operating a brothel or house of prostitution - Maintaining premises for prostitution - Living in or frequenting a house of prostitution - Allowing property to be used for prostitution Penalties: Up to 6 months in county jail and/or fines. Related Offenses: - Pimping (PC 266h) - Felony - Pandering (PC 266i) - Felony - Deriving earnings from prostitution Enhanced Penalties: Involving minors or operating large-scale operations.

Adult retail businesses are regulated through local zoning ordinances and state laws. Municipal Regulation: Cities and counties regulate "adult-oriented businesses" including: - Adult bookstores and video stores - Adult novelty stores - Adult theaters and entertainment venues Typical Local Requirements: - Special use permits and licensing - Zoning restrictions and buffer zones - Operating hour limitations - Age verification for entry (18+) - Signage and advertising restrictions State Oversight: No statewide prohibition, but subject to obscenity laws and local regulation. Employee Protections: Labor laws apply to legal adult entertainment workers.

California regulates obscenity under Penal Code Section 311 et seq. Definition: Based on Miller v. California standard: - Appeals to prurient interest - Depicts sexual conduct in patently offensive manner - Lacks serious literary, artistic, political, or scientific value Prohibited Activities: - Distributing obscene matter (misdemeanor/felony) - Possessing obscene matter with intent to distribute - Advertising obscene matter - Involving minors in obscene material (enhanced penalties) Penalties: Range from misdemeanors to felonies depending on circumstances. Exemptions: Protected speech under First Amendment for non-obscene adult content.

California municipalities have authority to regulate adult businesses through zoning ordinances. Common Zoning Restrictions: - Distance requirements from schools, churches, parks, residential areas - Concentration limits within specific zones - Special use permits and conditional use permits - Operating hour restrictions - Signage and exterior appearance regulations Legal Framework: - Must be content-neutral regulations - Focus on "secondary effects" rather than content - Must provide reasonable alternative locations - Subject to First Amendment protections Examples: Los Angeles, San Francisco, and other major cities have comprehensive adult business zoning ordinances.

Adult businesses in California require various licenses and permits. Local Requirements: - Business licenses from city/county - Special permits for adult entertainment - Conditional use permits for certain locations - Employee permits and background checks State Requirements: - Business registration with Secretary of State - Tax registration and permits - Workers' compensation insurance - Compliance with labor laws Industry-Specific: - Alcohol licenses (if applicable) - Entertainment permits for live performances - Health and safety compliance - Regular inspections and renewals

California is considering age verification requirements for online adult content. Proposed Legislation (2024): - Assembly Bill requiring age verification for pornographic websites - Credit card or government ID verification - Penalties for non-compliance Current Protections: - Prohibition on distributing harmful material to minors - Age restrictions for adult entertainment venues (18+) - Online safety measures and parental controls Industry Concerns: First Amendment and privacy implications of age verification requirements. Status: Under legislative consideration, facing opposition from civil liberties groups.

California has several notable sexuality-related laws: 1. Comprehensive Sex Education: Required in public schools with opt-out provisions 2. LGBTQ+ Protections: Strong anti-discrimination laws and inclusive education requirements 3. Revenge Porn Law: Criminal penalties for non-consensual intimate image sharing 4. Sex Worker Protections: Some labor protections for legal adult entertainment 5. Human Trafficking Laws: Comprehensive anti-trafficking statutes with victim protections 6. Online Safety: Various measures to protect minors from online exploitation 7. Decriminalization Efforts: Ongoing discussions about sex work decriminalization Progressive Approach: Generally focuses on harm reduction and worker protection.

Recent legislative and policy changes in California: 2022: - Senate Bill 357 decriminalized loitering with intent to commit prostitution - Enhanced penalties for human trafficking - Expanded LGBTQ+ protections in schools 2023-2024: - Proposed age verification requirements for online adult content - Continued discussions of sex work decriminalization - Enhanced victim services and protections Ongoing Trends: - Movement toward decriminalization and harm reduction - Focus on protecting vulnerable populations - Increased regulation of online adult content - Enhanced worker protections in legal adult entertainment

Key California legal citations: CA Penal Code Section 647(b) (Prostitution) CA Penal Code Section 315 (Keeping house of prostitution) CA Penal Code Section 266h (Pimping) CA Penal Code Section 266i (Pandering) CA Penal Code Section 311 et seq. (Obscenity laws) Senate Bill 357 (2022) - Decriminalization of loitering Assembly Bill 3080 (2024) - Proposed age verification Various municipal ordinances regulating adult businesses California Constitution Article I (Free speech protections)

• California Penal Code. (2024). California Legislative Information. https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/ • Shouse California Law Group. (2025, January 25). Is prostitution ever legal in California? https://www.shouselaw.com/ca/blog/is-prostitution-legal-in-california/ • California Assembly Bill 3080. (2024). Age verification for internet pornography websites. https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/ • ACLU of Southern California. (2024). Sex worker rights in California. https://www.aclusocal.org/en/know-your-rights/sex-worker-rights-california

Prostitution is illegal in Colorado. Colorado Revised Statute § 18-7-201 makes it a crime to commit prostitution (exchanging sexual acts for payment). Penalties vary, but generally, prostitution is a petty offense or a Class 2 or 3 misdemeanor, carrying fines up to $750 and/or jail time up to 6 months. Soliciting for prostitution (CRS 18-7-202) and patronizing a prostitute (CRS 18-7-205) are also illegal, with similar penalties. Pimping (CRS 18-7-206) is a Class 3 felony, punishable by four to 12 years in prison and significant fines. If a person under 18 is involved, it is considered human trafficking regardless of force, fraud, or coercion.

Brothels are illegal in Colorado, as prostitution is illegal statewide. Adult entertainment establishments are regulated at the municipal level. For example, Golden, CO, has Chapter 4.60 - ADULT ENTERTAINMENT, making it unlawful to operate more than one adult entertainment establishment in the same building. Sheridan, CO, has Chapter 6 - ADULT ENTERTAINMENT ESTABLISHMENTS, requiring licenses valid for one year. Colorado Springs has ordinances like 9.4.101: ADULT BUSINESS OR USE, making it unlawful to operate an adult use for a fee. Boulder County has Ordinance No. 94-1 regarding nude entertainment establishments, and Larimer County also has Nude Entertainment Ordinances.

Regulations for sex toy stores and adult retail businesses are primarily handled at the municipal level in Colorado. Many municipalities have ordinances regulating 'sexually oriented businesses.' These often include age restrictions (e.g., unlawful for persons under 18 to be on the premises, as seen in Glendale's Chapter 9.38 and Heath, OH's 761.16 SPECIAL REGULATIONS FOR ADULT STORES, which is a common type of regulation found in Colorado municipalities). Manitou Springs has considered and extended bans on sex shops, and other cities like Colorado Springs, Centennial, and Northglenn have specific licensing requirements for sexually oriented businesses.

Zoning restrictions for adult businesses are primarily at the municipal and county levels in Colorado. Many local governments have specific ordinances for 'sexually oriented businesses' or 'adult businesses.' These often include distance requirements from schools, churches, residential areas, and other sensitive locations. Examples include Glendale's Chapter 9.38, which prohibits sexually oriented businesses within 300 feet of a church or school. Monument, CO, has Chapter 5.40, making it unlawful to operate a sexually oriented business within 1,500 feet of another sexually oriented business. Castle Pines has Section 24A Sexually Oriented Businesses, stating it's unlawful to operate such a business except as provided in the City Zoning Ordinance. Grand County has also fine-tuned zoning laws for adult entertainment.

Licensing and permit requirements for adult businesses in Colorado are predominantly at the municipal level. There is no overarching state-level license for all adult businesses. Cities and counties require specific licenses for 'sexually oriented businesses' or 'adult entertainment establishments.' Examples include: Colorado Springs (Sexually Oriented Business License, annual fee $500, requires proof of age over 18), Centennial (ARTICLE 2 - Sexually Oriented Business Licenses), Northglenn (Adult Business License), Silt (Chapter 5.28 - ADULT ENTERTAINMENT BUSINESSES, Type A license for businesses with alcohol), Thornton (Sexually Oriented Business application, $800 annual fee plus $200 non-refundable application fee), Longmont (Specialty Business Licenses, requiring both business and employee licenses).

Licensing and permit requirements for adult businesses in Colorado are predominantly at the municipal level. There is no overarching state-level license for all adult businesses. Cities and counties require specific licenses for 'sexually oriented businesses' or 'adult entertainment establishments.' Examples include: Colorado Springs (Sexually Oriented Business License, annual fee $500, requires proof of age over 18), Centennial (ARTICLE 2 - Sexually Oriented Business Licenses), Northglenn (Adult Business License), Silt (Chapter 5.28 - ADULT ENTERTAINMENT BUSINESSES, Type A license for businesses with alcohol), Thornton (Sexually Oriented Business application, $800 annual fee plus $200 non-refundable application fee), Longmont (Specialty Business Licenses, requiring both business and employee licenses).

Colorado has been actively considering age verification requirements for digital platforms with sexual content. Senate Bill 25-201 (SB25-201) and House Bill 25-1231 (HB25-1231) are recent legislative efforts. SB25-201 aims to require certain internet websites that knowingly and intentionally publish or distribute material harmful to children to implement age verification measures. While some bills have been postponed or are still in process, the intent is to protect minors from adult content. Current laws also address the distribution of sexually explicit material to minors (CRS 18-7-502).

A notable aspect of Colorado law related to human sexuality is its approach to sex education. Colorado law (Colorado Revised Statutes Title 22. Education § 22-1-128) mandates that if a school or district offers sex education, it must be comprehensive and medically accurate, and must reject the use of shame, stigma, fear, and gender norms. This law aims to improve the quality of sex education and focus on consent. Colorado's age of consent is 17. There are also ongoing legislative efforts to add legal protections for transgender people and to address sexual assault.

Recent legislative changes and proposed bills include: - SB25-201 (Require Age Checks for Online Sexual Materials): This bill aims to require age verification for online platforms with content harmful to minors. It was postponed in 2024 but is expected to be reintroduced in 2025. - HB25-1231 (Protect Minors from Sexual or Pornographic Content): This bill prohibits individuals or organizations from permitting minors to attend events explicitly involving sexual content. - HB25-1138 (Protect Victims in Civil Sex Misconduct Suits): This bill prohibits the admission of evidence of a victim's manner of dress, hairstyle, speech, or lifestyle as evidence in civil sex misconduct suits. - Transgender Protections: Heavily amended bills adding legal protections for transgender people have recently passed the Colorado Senate. - Sexual Assault Law: A new law is in the works to create a dashboard for rape kits and address the backlog in the state.

Key Colorado Revised Statutes (CRS) include: - Prostitution/Sex Work: CRS 18-7-201 (Prostitution), CRS 18-7-202 (Soliciting for Prostitution), CRS 18-7-205 (Patronizing a Prostitute), CRS 18-7-206 (Pimping). - Obscenity/Public Indecency: CRS 18-7-102 (Obscenity), CRS 18-7-301 (Public Indecency), CRS 18-7-302 (Indecent Exposure), CRS 18-7-502 (Furnishing Sexually Explicit Material to a Child). - Sex Education: CRS 22-1-128 (Comprehensive Human Sexuality Education). Municipal codes and ordinances are also significant for adult businesses, with examples from Glendale (Chapter 9.38), Golden (Chapter 4.60), Sheridan (Chapter 6), Colorado Springs (9.4.101, ARTICLE 4), Centennial (ARTICLE 2), Northglenn (Adult Business License), Silt (Chapter 5.28), Thornton (Sexually Oriented Business application), Longmont (Chapter 6.65), Monument (Chapter 5.40), Castle Pines (Section 24A), and Hudson (Ord-02-08-SOB-Businesses). Specific bill numbers for recent changes include SB25-201, HB25-1231, and HB25-1138.

• Colorado Revised Statutes Title 18 (Criminal Code). (2024). Colorado General Assembly. https://leg.colorado.gov/ • Sex Education Collaborative. (2024). Colorado state profile. https://sexeducationcollaborative.org/states/colorado • Colorado Department of Education. (2024). Comprehensive health education standards. https://www.cde.state.co.us/

Prostitution is illegal in Connecticut and is classified as a Class A misdemeanor. Engaging in or offering sexual conduct for a fee is prohibited. Penalties can include up to one year in prison and/or a fine of up to $2,000. Specific statutes include C.G.S. § 53a-82 (Prostitution) and C.G.S. § 53a-83 (Patronizing a Prostitution). There are also laws related to promoting prostitution and human trafficking.

Brothels are illegal in Connecticut, as prostitution is illegal. Adult entertainment establishments are subject to local ordinances and require special supervision from public safety and zoning enforcement agencies. Some towns, like New Britain, have specific regulations regarding operating hours (e.g., not before 10:00 a.m. Monday through Saturday) and prohibit enclosed booths or cubicles within these establishments.

The operation of sexually oriented businesses, including adult retail stores, is subject to local regulation and supervision to protect public health and safety. Some local ordinances, such as those in New Britain, specify operating hours and require licenses. There are also regulations concerning the admission of minors to adult stores.

Connecticut law prohibits obscenity. A person is guilty of obscenity (C.G.S. § 53a-194) when, knowing its content and character, they promote or possess with intent to promote any obscene material or performance. Obscenity as to minors (C.G.S. § 53a-196) is also prohibited, which involves knowingly promoting obscene material or performance to a minor for monetary consideration. Public indecency (C.G.S. § 53a-186) is a Class B misdemeanor, prohibiting lewd or sexual acts in public places.

Adult-oriented establishments in Connecticut are subject to specific zoning ordinances at the municipal level. These ordinances often restrict the location of such businesses, requiring them to be a certain distance from residential areas, schools, churches, or other sensitive locations. Examples include ordinances in New Britain, Stonington, and Woodbury, which require special supervision and compliance with local health, fire, building codes, and zoning regulations.

Adult-oriented establishments in Connecticut typically require licenses from local authorities, often from the police chief or a municipal licensing body. The specific requirements and fees vary by town. For example, New Britain requires a license for each adult-oriented establishment, and Tolland has an annual fee of $500 for an adult-oriented establishment license. Compliance with state and local health, fire, and building codes, as well as zoning regulations, is usually a prerequisite for obtaining a license.

Connecticut has recent and proposed legislation regarding age verification for digital platforms, particularly concerning social media and minors. While there isn't a direct state-level law specifically for age verification on online pornography, there are bills like HB 6857 (2025) and SB 1295 that aim to require social media platforms to verify users' ages to protect minors from harmful content and regulate algorithmic content curation. Some sources indicate that a law requiring age verification for social media platforms will be implemented in 2026.

Connecticut does not have a crime specifically called 'statutory rape,' but it has laws addressing sexual relations with minors. The state has also seen legislative efforts to combat human trafficking. Historically, Connecticut had strict obscenity and contraception statutes mirroring the Comstock Law.

Recent legislative changes and proposed bills in Connecticut include efforts to regulate social media platforms for minors, with bills like HB 6857 and SB 1295 aiming to implement age verification and content restrictions. There have also been changes to vacatur laws to allow individuals to seek vacatur even without a prostitution conviction. Proposed Bill No. 5252 (2021) aimed to prohibit indecent deceptive trade practices and regulate Internet-enabled devices, live adult entertainment establishments, and social media censorship.

Connecticut General Statutes (C.G.S.) § 53a-82 (Prostitution), C.G.S. § 53a-83 (Patronizing a Prostitution), C.G.S. § 53a-194 (Obscenity), C.G.S. § 53a-196 (Obscenity as to minors), C.G.S. § 53a-186 (Public Indecency). Local ordinances vary by municipality (e.g., New Britain Code of Ordinances, Chapter 14, Article XV - Adult-Oriented Establishments; Stonington, CT Special Acts and Local Ordinances - Adult-Oriented Business; Woodbury, CT Adult-Oriented Business Establishments Ordinance). Proposed bills include HB 6857, SB 1295, and Proposed Bill No. 5252.

• Delaware Code Title 11 (Crimes and Criminal Procedure). (2024). Delaware General Assembly. https://legis.delaware.gov/ • Sex Education Collaborative. (2024). Delaware state profile. https://sexeducationcollaborative.org/states/delaware • Delaware Department of Education. (2024). Health education standards. https://www.doe.k12.de.us/

Prostitution is illegal in Delaware. Engaging in, agreeing to engage in, or offering to engage in sexual conduct with another person in return for a fee are illegal acts. Trafficking an individual, forced labor, and sexual servitude are felonies. Patronizing a victim of sexual servitude is a felony, with increased penalties if the victim is a minor. (Delaware Code Title 11, Chapter 5, Subchapter II, Section 787; Delaware Code Title 11, Chapter 5, Subchapter VII)

Brothels are illegal in Delaware. Adult entertainment establishments are regulated under Title 24, Chapter 16 of the Delaware Code. These establishments are defined as any commercial establishment, business, or service, or portion thereof, which offers sexually-oriented material, devices, paraphernalia, or specific sexual activities, services, performances, or any combination thereof, whether printed, filmed, recorded, or live. This includes adult book stores, adult motion picture theaters, adult shows or peep shows, conversation parlors, relaxation studios, health salons, or call services. (Delaware Code Title 24, Chapter 16, Subchapter I, Section 1602)

Adult retail businesses, including sex toy stores, are regulated under Title 24, Chapter 16 of the Delaware Code, similar to adult entertainment establishments. They are subject to licensing requirements and zoning restrictions. (Delaware Code Title 24, Chapter 16, Subchapter I, Section 1602)

Delaware has laws regarding obscenity and public decency, primarily outlined in Title 11, Chapter 5, Subchapter VII of the Delaware Code. These laws prohibit the promotion or display of obscene materials and performances. (Delaware Code Title 11, Chapter 5, Subchapter VII)

Adult entertainment establishments and adult-oriented retail establishments are subject to specific zoning restrictions in Delaware. These restrictions often include distance requirements from residential areas, churches, schools, and other adult businesses. For example, a new adult entertainment establishment may not operate in a building less than 1,500 feet from another adult entertainment establishment, within 500 feet of a residence, or within 2,800 feet of a church or school. (Delaware Code Title 24, Chapter 16, Subchapter I, Section 1610)

Adult entertainment establishments and adult-oriented retail establishments require a license to operate in Delaware. The licensing process is overseen by the Commission on Adult Entertainment Establishments under the Division of Professional Regulation. Applicants must submit an application, pay a fee, and provide various documents, including letters of clearance from the county regarding zoning compliance, copies of state/city business licenses, and certificates of incorporation (if applicable). All individuals involved in the business (sole proprietors, directors, partners, managers, employees, independent contractors, and those responsible for procuring sexually-oriented material) must submit a 'Certificate of Individual' form, which requires notarization, a color photo, copies of SSN card and driver's license, and a State of Delaware and Federal Bureau of Investigation criminal background check. (Delaware Code Title 24, Chapter 16, Subchapter I, Sections 1606, 1609, 1613, 1615; Delaware Division of Professional Regulation website)

As of August 2025, a bill (HB 265) that would require commercial entities providing pornography and material harmful to minors on the internet to verify the age of individuals accessing the material has passed the Delaware House and is in the Senate Executive Committee. The General Assembly has ended, so the current status is the final status for this legislative session. If passed and signed into law, civil liability and penalties would be imposed for non-compliance. (Delaware House Bill 265, 152nd General Assembly (2023-2024); Delaware Public Media news reports)

Delaware's HB 265, aiming to mandate age verification for adult websites, is a notable recent legislative effort. The state also has comprehensive laws against human trafficking and sexual servitude. (Delaware House Bill 265; Delaware Code Title 11, Chapter 5, Subchapter II, Section 787)

The most significant recent legislative change or proposed bill related to these topics is House Bill 265, which seeks to implement age verification for online adult content. This bill passed the House and was assigned to the Senate Executive Committee, but the General Assembly has ended its session. (Delaware House Bill 265, 152nd General Assembly (2023-2024))

Delaware Code Title 11, Chapter 5, Subchapter II, Section 787 (Trafficking); Delaware Code Title 11, Chapter 5, Subchapter VII (Obscenity); Delaware Code Title 24, Chapter 16, Subchapter I, Sections 1601-1629 (Adult Entertainment Establishments, Licensing, Zoning); Delaware House Bill 265 (152nd General Assembly)

• Florida Statutes Chapter 796 (Prostitution). (2024). Florida Legislature. http://www.leg.state.fl.us/ • Sex Education Collaborative. (2024). Florida state profile. https://sexeducationcollaborative.org/states/florida • Florida Department of Education. (2024). Health education curriculum standards. https://www.fldoe.org/

Legal Status: Prostitution is illegal in Washington DC. Both engaging in and soliciting prostitution are criminal offenses. Definition of Prostitution (DC Code § 22-2701): It is unlawful for any person to engage in prostitution or to solicit for prostitution. Prohibited Activities and Penalties: (a) Prostitution and solicitation - First offense: Fine up to $500, imprisonment up to 90 days, or both (b) Second offense: Fine up to $500, imprisonment up to 180 days, or both (c) Third and subsequent offenses: Fine up to $500, imprisonment up to 2 years, or both Enhanced Protections: Children under 18 who engage in prostitution are immune from prosecution and must be referred to appropriate services for trafficking victims (DC Code § 22-2701(d)). Prostitution-Free Zones: DC establishes restricted zones with enhanced penalties in areas with high numbers of prostitution-related offenses. Related Offenses: Pandering, promoting prostitution, and operating houses of prostitution are separate felony offenses under DC Code Chapter 27.

Brothels and houses of prostitution are illegal in Washington DC under pandering and promoting prostitution statutes. DC Code Chapter 27 - Prostitution; Pandering: Prohibits operating, maintaining, or profiting from houses of prostitution. Prohibited Activities: - Operating a brothel or house of prostitution - Maintaining premises for prostitution - Pandering (facilitating prostitution for profit) - Promoting prostitution Penalties: Pandering and promoting prostitution are felony offenses carrying significant prison sentences and fines. Enhanced Penalties: Involving minors or operating large-scale operations results in increased penalties under federal and DC law.

Adult retail businesses in DC are regulated through zoning ordinances and licensing requirements. Zoning Regulation: Adult entertainment establishments are subject to special zoning restrictions including: - Distance requirements from schools, churches, residential areas - Special use permits required - Operating hour restrictions - Signage and advertising limitations Licensing Requirements: - Business licenses from DC government - Special permits for adult entertainment - Employee background checks - Age verification systems (18+ only) Federal Oversight: As a federal district, DC adult businesses may be subject to additional federal regulations beyond typical state oversight.

Washington DC regulates obscenity under DC Code Chapter 22. Definition (DC Code § 22-2201): Prohibits knowingly selling, distributing, or providing obscene, indecent, or filthy materials or performances. Prohibited Activities: - Selling or distributing obscene materials - Participating in obscene performances - Possessing obscene materials with intent to distribute - Advertising obscene materials - Providing obscene materials to minors (under 17) Penalties: - First offense: Fine up to $1,000, imprisonment up to 180 days, or both - Subsequent offenses: Fine $1,000-$5,000, imprisonment 6 months to 3 years, or both Enhanced Protections: Stricter penalties for providing obscene materials to minors, with detailed definitions of prohibited content. Affirmative Defenses: Scientific, educational, or other special justification for possession.

DC has comprehensive zoning authority for adult businesses through the DC Zoning Handbook. Zoning Authority: DC Zoning Commission regulates adult entertainment establishments through special use permits and conditional zoning. Typical Restrictions: - Distance requirements from sensitive uses (schools, churches, parks) - Concentration limits within zoning districts - Special design and operational standards - Parking and signage requirements - Hours of operation limitations Federal Considerations: As the nation's capital, DC zoning may consider federal interests and security concerns in adult business regulation. Legal Framework: Must comply with First Amendment protections while regulating secondary effects of adult businesses.

Adult businesses in DC require comprehensive licensing and permits. DC Government Licenses: - Basic business license - Special use permits for adult entertainment - Conditional use permits for certain locations - Employee permits and background checks Federal Requirements: - Federal tax registration - Compliance with federal labor laws - Security clearances (if near federal facilities) Operational Requirements: - Age verification systems (18+ only) - Security measures and monitoring - Regular inspections and compliance checks - Renewal requirements and fees Enhanced Scrutiny: DC adult businesses may face additional federal oversight due to the district's unique status.

DC has implemented age verification requirements for social media and is considering online adult content regulations. Current Law (2025): Social media platforms must implement age verification for users under 16, with usage limitations. Proposed Legislation: Considering requirements for age verification on pornographic websites similar to other jurisdictions. Existing Protections: - Prohibition on providing obscene materials to minors (under 17) - Age restrictions for adult entertainment venues (18+) - Enhanced penalties for involving minors in adult content Federal Considerations: DC age verification laws may need to consider federal jurisdiction and interstate commerce implications.

Washington DC has several notable sexuality-related laws: 1. Comprehensive Sex Education: Required in DC public schools with detailed curriculum standards 2. LGBTQ+ Protections: Strong anti-discrimination laws and inclusive policies 3. Human Trafficking Protections: Comprehensive victim services and enhanced penalties 4. Revenge Porn Law: Criminal penalties for non-consensual intimate image sharing 5. Sex Worker Protections: Immunity for child victims and referral to services 6. Federal Jurisdiction: Unique legal status as federal district affects enforcement 7. Progressive Policies: Generally progressive approach to sexual health and rights Federal Influence: DC laws often reflect federal policy priorities and may serve as models for national legislation.

Recent legislative and policy changes in Washington DC: 2025: - Social media age verification requirements implemented - Enhanced penalties for human trafficking - Continued discussions of sex work policy reform 2024: - Updated sex education curriculum standards - Enhanced victim services for trafficking survivors - Strengthened LGBTQ+ protections 2023: - Expanded access to sexual health services - Enhanced penalties for revenge porn - Improved coordination with federal agencies Ongoing Trends: - Progressive approach to sexual health and rights - Focus on victim protection and harm reduction - Coordination with federal policy initiatives - Enhanced protections for vulnerable populations

Human Sexuality Industry Policies per StateKey Washington DC legal citations: DC Code Title 22, Chapter 27 (Prostitution; Pandering) DC Code § 22-2701 (Engaging in prostitution or soliciting for prostitution) DC Code Title 22, Chapter 22 (Obscenity) DC Code § 22-2201 (Obscene activities and conduct) DC Code § 22-1834 (Sex trafficking of children) DC Zoning Regulations (2016) - Adult entertainment provisions DC Municipal Regulations for business licensing Federal laws applicable in DC (Mann Act, FOSTA-SESTA, etc.) DC Council legislation on social media age verification (2025)    Key Washington DC legal citations: DC Code Title 22, Chapter 27 (Prostitution; Pandering) DC Code § 22-2701 (Engaging in prostitution or soliciting for prostitution) DC Code Title 22, Chapter 22 (Obscenity) DC Code § 22-2201 (Obscene activities and conduct) DC Code § 22-1834 (Sex trafficking of children) DC Zoning Regulations (2016) - Adult entertainment provisions DC Municipal Regulations for business licensing Federal laws applicable in DC (Mann Act, FOSTA-SESTA, etc.) DC Council legislation on social media age verification (2025)Turn on screen reader supportTo enable screen reader support, press ⌘+Option+Z To learn about keyboard shortcuts, press ⌘slash

1. District of Columbia Code Title 22, Chapter 27 (Prostitution; Pandering). (2025). Council of the District of Columbia. https://code.dccouncil.gov/us/dc/council/code/titles/22/chapters/27 1. District of Columbia Code § 22-2701 (Engaging in prostitution or soliciting for prostitution). (2025). Council of the District of Columbia. https://code.dccouncil.gov/us/dc/council/code/sections/22-2701 1. District of Columbia Code § 22-2201 (Certain obscene activities and conduct declared unlawful). (2025). Council of the District of Columbia. https://code.dccouncil.gov/us/dc/council/code/sections/22-2201 1. Ervin Kibria Law. (2025, March 11). Is prostitution legal in DC? Laws & penalties explained. https://ervinkibrialaw.com/is-prostitution-legal-in-dc/ 1. DC Zoning Handbook. (2024). District of Columbia Office of Zoning. https://handbook.dcoz.dc.gov/

Prostitution is illegal in Florida under Florida Statute 796.07. The statute defines prostitution as 'the giving or receiving of the body for sexual activity for hire but excludes sexual activity between spouses.' Penalties include: First offense - misdemeanor of the second degree (up to 60 days jail, $500 fine); Second offense - misdemeanor of the first degree (up to 1 year jail, $1,000 fine); Third or subsequent offense - felony of the third degree (up to 5 years prison, $5,000 fine). The statute also prohibits soliciting, inducing, enticing, or procuring another to commit prostitution; residing in any place for the purpose of prostitution; knowingly offering or agreeing to commit prostitution; aiding, abetting, or participating in the prostitution of another; and owning, establishing, maintaining, or operating any place for the purpose of prostitution.

Operating a brothel is illegal in Florida under Florida Statute 796.07, which prohibits owning, establishing, maintaining, or operating any place, structure, building, or conveyance for the purpose of lewdness, assignation, or prostitution. Adult entertainment establishments are regulated through Florida Statute 847.001 which defines various terms including 'adult bookstore,' 'adult theater,' 'adult cabaret,' and 'sexual encounter establishment.' Local ordinances establish zoning restrictions, licensing requirements, and conduct regulations. Florida Statute 787.30 prohibits employing persons younger than 21 years of age in adult entertainment establishments.

Sex toy stores and adult retail businesses in Florida are regulated under the umbrella of 'sexually oriented businesses' or 'adult entertainment establishments.' There isn't a single, specific state statute exclusively for sex toy stores; instead, they are subject to broader regulations concerning adult content and businesses, often at the local level. Key regulatory aspects include: age restrictions (18+ only), zoning requirements (distance from residential areas, schools, churches), licensing requirements at the local level, and compliance with obscenity laws under Chapter 847. Florida Statute 847.001 defines 'adult bookstore' which can encompass some adult retail establishments.

Florida has strict obscenity laws outlined in Chapter 847 of the Florida Statutes. Florida Statute 847.001 defines 'obscene' as material that: appeals to the prurient interest as determined by average person applying contemporary community standards; depicts or describes sexual conduct in a patently offensive way; and lacks serious literary, artistic, political, or scientific value when taken as a whole. Florida Statute 847.011 prohibits knowingly selling, distributing, exhibiting, or possessing with intent to sell, distribute, or exhibit any obscene material, and knowingly promoting, conducting, performing, or participating in an obscene show, exhibition, or performance. Florida Statute 847.0133 specifically addresses materials 'harmful to minors.' Public decency laws include Florida Statute 877.03 (breach of peace; disorderly conduct) and Florida Statute 800.03 (lewd and lascivious exhibition).

Florida does not have a single, statewide zoning law governing adult businesses. Instead, zoning restrictions are established at the local government level by counties and municipalities. Common zoning regulations include distance requirements between adult businesses and residential zoning districts, schools, churches, public parks, child care facilities, and other adult businesses. Examples include Hillsborough County (2,000 feet from residential), Broward County (500 feet from residential), Palmetto Bay (1,000 feet from another adult entertainment establishment), and Palm Bay (2,500 feet from certain uses). Adult businesses are often restricted to specific commercial or industrial zoning districts and prohibited in residential or mixed-use areas.

Licensing and permit requirements for adult businesses in Florida are predominantly regulated at the local county and municipal levels. Common requirements include: detailed application process to local licensing department or sheriff's office; non-refundable application fees and annual renewal fees; criminal history background checks for owners, operators, and sometimes employees; classification of licenses based on type of adult business; compliance with local zoning ordinances; adherence to operational standards such as hours of operation and interior configurations; and in some jurisdictions, individual employee licenses or work permits. Examples of local ordinances include Jacksonville Sheriff's Office, Pinellas County, Hillsborough County, Ormond Beach, Fort Myers Police Department, Clay County, and North Miami Beach.

Florida has enacted legislation requiring age verification for digital platforms that host adult content, which became effective on January 1, 2025. Adult content platforms are mandated to implement robust age verification systems to ensure that users are at least 18 years old before accessing content. The Florida Attorney General's office is actively enforcing this law, with recent lawsuits filed against major pornographic websites for alleged violations. Beyond age verification, Florida's obscenity laws (Chapter 847) also apply to digital content. Florida Statute 847.0133 prohibits the transmission or distribution of material 'harmful to minors' to individuals under 18 years of age, which extends to digital platforms.

Florida has several unique and notable laws: (1) Repealed Cohabitation Law - Historically, Florida Statute 798.02 made it a misdemeanor for unmarried couples to 'lewdly and lasciviously associate and cohabit together,' which was repealed in 2016. (2) Historical Sodomy Law - Florida Statute 800.02 criminalized 'unnatural and lascivious acts,' which was effectively invalidated by the U.S. Supreme Court's decision in Lawrence v. Texas (2003). (3) Age restriction for adult entertainment workers - Florida Statute 787.30 prohibits employing persons younger than 21 years of age in adult entertainment establishments, which is higher than the typical 18-year minimum in other states.

- "Porn ID Law" (HB164, 2024 legislative session): This new law requires age verification for digital platforms distributing sexual material, mandates warnings about pornography's dangers, and requires distributors to register with the state and retain age/consent records. It also introduces a 10% tax on commercial entities distributing such materials, with funds going to the Alabama Department of Mental Health. - Proposed Legislation for Child Online Safety: The Alabama Senate has passed bills requiring device filters and app store age checks for minors to enhance online safety. - Efforts to Combat AI-Generated Child Pornography: The Alabama Attorney General has supported legislation to enhance the state's ability to combat AI technology used to create child pornography.

AL Code 13A-5-12 AL Code 13A-5-7 AL Code § 13A-12-120 (2024) AL Code § 13A-12-121 (2024) AL Code § 13A-12-121.1 (2024) AL Code § 13A-12-130 (2024) AL Code § 13A-12-131 (2024) AL Code § 13A-12-200.1 (2006, for definition of obscene) AL Code § 13A-12-200.11 (2024) AL Code § 13A-12-200.12 (2024) AL Code § 13A-12-200.2 (2024) AL Code § 13A-12-200.2 (as referenced in older sources, needs to be verified for current applicability). AL Code § 13A-6-68 (2024) Anti-Obscenity Enforcement Act of 1998 (specific statute number needs to be confirmed, likely related to AL Code § 13A-12-200.2 or similar obscenity statutes). HB164 (2024 legislative session) "Porn ID Law" (specific Alabama Code section to be confirmed upon official codification). Local municipal codes and ordinances (e.g., Phenix City Code of Ordinances, Homewood Code of Ordinances, Mobile Code of Ordinances, Auburn Code of Ordinances). Local municipal codes and zoning ordinances for individual cities and counties (e.g., Foley Code of Ordinances, Mobile Code of Ordinances, Phenix City Code of Ordinances, Birmingham Code of Ordinances, Homewood Code of Ordinances, Oxford Zoning Ordinances).

• Official Code of Georgia Annotated Title 16 (Crimes and Offenses). (2024). Georgia General Assembly. http://www.legis.ga.gov/ • Sex Education Collaborative. (2024). Georgia state profile. https://sexeducationcollaborative.org/states/georgia • Georgia Department of Education. (2024). Health education performance standards. https://www.gadoe.org/

In Georgia, a person 18 years of age or older commits the offense of prostitution when he or she performs or offers or consents to perform a sexual act, including, but not limited to, sexual intercourse or sodomy, for money or other items of value. It is not necessary that the act actually occurs or that money is accepted. The offense is defined in terms of commercialization: the sale, offer to sell or consent to sell physical intimacies for money. A person convicted of prostitution in Georgia is guilty of a misdemeanor, with potential punishment of up to 12 months in jail and/or a $1,000 fine. If a minor (under 18) is involved, penalties are severe, including felony charges and significant prison time.

Georgia law does not explicitly define 'brothel' as a separate offense, but activities associated with brothels, such as prostitution, pimping, and pandering, are illegal. 'Adult entertainment establishment' is defined in Georgia Code § 15-21-201 as any place of business where alcoholic beverages are sold and the entertainment consists of nude or substantially nude persons dancing or simulating sexual acts, or where patrons are charged a fee to view entertainment or engage in personal contact with employees. Such establishments include bathhouses, lingerie modeling studios, and similar activities. These establishments are subject to state operation assessments and local ordinances.

Georgia Code § 36-60-3 restricts the operation of adult bookstores, explicit media outlets, and adult movie houses to areas zoned for commercial or industrial purposes. An 'adult bookstore' is defined as a commercial establishment offering for sale any book, publication, film, or other medium depicting sexually explicit nudity or sexual conduct. 'Sexual conduct' includes acts of masturbation, homosexuality, sodomy, sexual intercourse, or physical contact with a person's clothed or unclothed genitals, pubic area, buttocks, or, if female, breast, which lacks serious literary, artistic, political, or scientific value and predominantly appeals to prurient interest. 'Sexually explicit nudity' is defined as exposure of human genitals or pubic area with less than a full opaque covering, or depiction of covered or uncovered male genitals in a discernibly turgid state, which lacks serious literary, artistic, political, or scientific value and predominantly appeals to prurient interest. Some local ordinances, like in Sandy Springs, have attempted to ban sex toy sales, but these have been challenged in court. Georgia Code § 16-12-80(c) states that 'Any device designed or marketed as useful primarily for the stimulation of human genital organs is obscene material under this Code section.’

Georgia Code § 16-12-80 defines obscene material. A person commits the offense of distributing obscene material when they sell, lend, rent, lease, give, advertise, publish, exhibit, or otherwise disseminate to any person any obscene material, knowing its obscene nature. Material is obscene if: (1) to the average person, applying contemporary community standards, taken as a whole, it predominantly appeals to the prurient interest; (2) the material taken as a whole lacks serious literary, artistic, political, or scientific value; and (3) the material depicts or describes, in a patently offensive way, sexual conduct specifically defined (e.g., acts of sexual intercourse, masturbation, excretory functions, bestiality, sadomasochistic sexual relationships). Any device designed or marketed as useful primarily for the stimulation of human genital organs is considered obscene material. Public indecency is covered under Georgia Code § 16-6-8, which prohibits acts of sexual intercourse, lewd exposure of sexual organs, lewd appearance in a state of partial or complete nudity, or lewd caress or indecent fondling of another person in a public place. Violations are generally misdemeanors, but a third or subsequent conviction for certain acts can be a felony.

Georgia Code § 36-60-3 authorizes county and municipal governing authorities to enact ordinances restricting adult bookstores, explicit media outlets, and adult movie houses to areas zoned for commercial or industrial purposes. These establishments cannot be located within 1,000 feet of any school building, school grounds, college campus, public place of worship, or area zoned primarily for residential purposes. This distance requirement does not apply to locations with lawful permits or business licenses on July 1, 1997. Local governments can adopt more stringent restrictions. Georgia Code § 36-66-3 defines 'zoning' as the power of local governments to regulate land use and development within their territorial boundaries.

Adult entertainment establishments and their employees in Georgia are subject to local licensing requirements. For example, in Atlanta, everyone working inside an adult entertainment establishment, including owners, bartenders, security, and kitchen staff, must obtain an adult entertainment permit from the Atlanta Police Department. The process involves obtaining employment, providing verifiable ID, completing a SAVE affidavit, and paying fees (e.g., $20 for fingerprinting, $50 processing fee, $200 for the permit). Background checks are conducted, and individuals with certain prior convictions (e.g., drug-related, sex-related offenses within the past three years) may be denied a permit. Permits are issued per employee and per establishment and are valid for one year.

Georgia Senate Bill 351, also known as the 'Protecting Georgia's Children on Social Media Act,' went into effect on July 1, 2025. This law requires public websites with 'a substantial portion of material that is harmful to minors' to use an age verification system, often requiring submission of a government ID. The bill defines 'material that is harmful to minors' and includes broad language about material designed to appeal to prurient interest. This law has led to some adult content websites blocking access for users in Georgia. The bill also requires social media companies to obtain parental consent for minor users.

Georgia has a specific law (Georgia Code § 16-12-80(c)) that classifies any device designed or marketed as useful primarily for the stimulation of human genital organs as 'obscene material.' This has led to legal challenges regarding the sale of sex toys. Additionally, the recent implementation of Senate Bill 351, requiring age verification for adult content online, is a notable legislative change impacting digital platforms.

The most significant recent change is the implementation of Georgia Senate Bill 351 (Protecting Georgia's Children on Social Media Act) on July 1, 2025, which mandates age verification for online adult content and parental consent for minors on social media platforms. This has resulted in some adult websites becoming inaccessible in Georgia.

Georgia Code § 16-6-9 (Prostitution); Georgia Code § 15-21-201 (Adult entertainment establishment definitions); Georgia Code § 36-60-3 (Restriction of adult bookstores and movie houses); Georgia Code § 16-12-80 (Obscene material); Georgia Code § 16-6-8 (Public indecency); Georgia Code § 36-66-3 (Zoning definitions); Georgia Senate Bill 351 (Protecting Georgia's Children on Social Media Act).

• Hawaii Revised Statutes Chapter 712 (Offenses Against Public Order). (2024). Hawaii State Legislature. https://www.capitol.hawaii.gov/ • Sex Education Collaborative. (2024). Hawaii state profile. https://sexeducationcollaborative.org/states/hawaii • Hawaii Department of Education. (2024). Health education content and performance standards. http://www.hawaiipublicschools.org/

Prostitution is illegal in Hawaii. Under Hawaii Revised Statutes § 712-1200, a person commits the offense of prostitution if they engage in, agree to engage in, or offer to engage in sexual conduct with another person in return for a fee or anything of value. Prostitution is classified as a petty misdemeanor. Penalties for a first offense include a fine of no less than $500 but no more than $1,000, and potentially up to 30 days imprisonment or probation. Subsequent offenses carry a fine of $500 to $1,000 and a mandatory 30-day imprisonment. Minors involved in prostitution are considered a violation, not a petty misdemeanor. Promoting prostitution is a felony under Hawaii Revised Statutes § 712-1203. Hawaii Revised Statutes § 712-1207 addresses street prostitution and commercial sexual exploitation in designated areas, such as Waikiki.

Brothels are illegal in Hawaii, as prostitution is illegal. Promoting prostitution is a felony under Hawaii Revised Statutes § 712-1203. Adult entertainment establishments are subject to local zoning ordinances, such as those in Maui County (Chapter 19.85) which regulate adult entertainment activity to promote health, safety, morals, and general welfare, and may include restrictions on proximity to residential areas. Honolulu also has ordinances regarding lap dancing establishments (Article 9).

Hawaii Revised Statutes § 489X-1 governs the sale of adult entertainment products. Businesses selling these products on premises open to the general public must: (1) Obscure the products from view from any location off the premises; (2) Segregate adult entertainment products from other products sold on the premises; and (3) Obscure the products from view from any location on the premises where other products are sold by use of a curtain, screen, or other device. A violation of this section carries a fine of $100 for each violation. 'Adult entertainment product' is defined as any merchandise that is pornographic as defined in section 712-1210.

Hawaii's obscenity laws are defined in Hawaii Revised Statutes, particularly Chapter 712, Part II. Hawaii Revised Statutes § 712-1210 defines 'pornographic' material based on the Miller v. California test: (a) the average person, applying contemporary community standards, would find that, taken as a whole, it appeals to the prurient interest; (b) it depicts or describes sexual conduct in a patently offensive way; and (c) taken as a whole, it lacks serious literary, artistic, political, or scientific merit. Hawaii Revised Statutes § 712-1211 prohibits displaying indecent matter. Hawaii Revised Statutes § 712-1217 addresses open lewdness, defining it as any lewd act in a public place likely to be observed by others who would be affronted. Indecent exposure is covered under Hawaii Revised Statutes § 707-734, which prohibits intentional exposure of genitals to an unmarried person in a public place.

Zoning laws for adult businesses in Hawaii are primarily handled at the county level. For example, Maui County Code Chapter 19.85 regulates adult entertainment activity and may include restrictions on proximity to residential districts (e.g., within 1,000 feet). These regulations aim to control the location and operation of adult businesses to mitigate potential negative impacts on communities. Specific statewide zoning laws for adult businesses are not explicitly defined, but rather delegated to local jurisdictions to establish their own ordinances.

General business licensing in Hawaii is handled by the Department of Taxation and the Professional & Vocational Licensing Division. Specific licensing requirements for adult businesses would fall under local county ordinances. For example, sexually oriented businesses may require specific permits or licenses beyond general business licenses, as indicated by various municipal codes across the US, though specific statewide Hawaii statutes for 'adult business' licensing were not explicitly found beyond general business registration. Local jurisdictions may have specific requirements for adult entertainment businesses.

There is no current statewide law in Hawaii requiring age verification for online pornography. However, there are proposed bills such as HB1212 (2025 session) that aims to require commercial entities publishing pornographic material on internet websites accessible in Hawaii to use age verification. SB1542 (2025 session) aims to establish age verification requirements for app developers and app stores to prevent minors from accessing certain content. There are also discussions and proposed legislation regarding age verification for social media platforms to protect minors.

Hawaii was the first state in the US to remove a requirement that a person be a victim of sex trafficking to have a prostitution conviction expunged (Act 176, 2019). This allows for expungement of prostitution convictions after three years if no further offenses occur. Hawaii Revised Statutes § 712-1200(5) also contains a notable provision exempting law enforcement officers from prostitution charges when acting in the course and scope of duties for undercover operations, with specific limitations on sexual contact, penetration, or sadomasochistic abuse.

Recent legislative efforts include HB1212 (2025 session) and SB1542 (2025 session) which propose age verification requirements for digital platforms with sexual content and app stores, respectively. HB689 (2025 session) aims to amend prostitution laws by designating enforcement zones in Waikiki. In 2019, Hawaii became the first state to remove the requirement for a person to be a victim of sex trafficking to have a prostitution conviction expunged (Act 176, 2019). There are ongoing discussions and proposed bills related to the decriminalization of sex work (e.g., SB1204, 2023 session) and increased penalties for promoting prostitution.

Hawaii Revised Statutes § 712-1200 (Prostitution); Hawaii Revised Statutes § 712-1203 (Promoting prostitution); Hawaii Revised Statutes § 489X-1 (Sale of adult entertainment products); Hawaii Revised Statutes § 712-1210 (Definitions of terms in obscenity laws); Hawaii Revised Statutes § 712-1211 (Displaying indecent matter); Hawaii Revised Statutes § 712-1217 (Open lewdness); Hawaii Revised Statutes § 707-734 (Indecent exposure); Maui County Code Chapter 19.85 (Adult Entertainment Activity); Honolulu Code Article 9 (Lap Dancing Establishments); Proposed Hawaii Bills: HB1212 (2025), SB1542 (2025).

• Idaho Code Title 18 (Crimes and Punishments). (2024). Idaho Legislature. https://legislature.idaho.gov/ • Sex Education Collaborative. (2024). Idaho state profile. https://sexeducationcollaborative.org/states/idaho • Idaho State Department of Education. (2024). Health education standards. https://www.sde.idaho.gov/

Prostitution is illegal in Idaho. Providing commercial sexual activity (prostitution) is a misdemeanor for the first two offenses, and a felony on the third or subsequent conviction (Idaho Code Section 18-5613). Soliciting commercial sexual activity is also a misdemeanor, with a second or subsequent conviction becoming a felony (Idaho Code Section 18-5614). Penalties can include fines up to $2,000 for a first offense and up to $5,000 for a second offense. Human sex trafficking carries penalties of 5-25 years imprisonment and/or fines of $15,000-$80,000 (House Bill 494).

Brothels are illegal in Idaho. While some historical instances of decriminalized prostitution in specific towns like Wallace existed until the early 1990s, state law prohibits brothels. Adult entertainment establishments are subject to local ordinances, which may include restrictions on alcohol licenses if full nudity is permitted. Some local codes define adult entertainment establishments and place restrictions on their proximity to other such establishments or sensitive areas.

Adult retail businesses, including sex toy stores, are subject to local regulations and obscenity laws. There are laws related to the public display of offensive sexual material (Idaho Code Section 18-4105). Recent legislation (House Bill 270, signed March 2025) expands indecent exposure laws to include displaying 'toys or products intended to resemble male or female genitals' in public places, and also applies to female breasts and male breasts altered to look like female breasts.

Idaho has laws defining and prohibiting the dissemination of 'obscene' or 'harmful' materials, particularly to minors (Idaho Code Title 18, Chapter 41). Indecent exposure laws (Idaho Code Section 18-4116) have been recently expanded by House Bill 270 (2025) to include public exposure of female breasts, male breasts altered to look like female breasts, and artificial breasts, as well as the public display of certain novelty items. House Bill 710 (2024) addresses library materials and censorship.

Zoning for adult businesses is primarily regulated at the local level. Many cities and counties have ordinances that restrict the location of sexually oriented businesses. Common restrictions include prohibitions within 1,000 feet of another adult business, churches, schools, parks, or playgrounds, and within 500 feet of residential areas. Some areas may require special use permits for adult businesses.

Idaho does not have a statewide business license requirement. Licensing for adult businesses is handled at the city or county level. Local ordinances often require licenses for adult stores, adult theaters, adult arcade machine businesses, and adult entertainment establishments. Some jurisdictions also require licenses for individuals employed in sexually oriented businesses.

Idaho has implemented laws requiring age verification for access to online adult content. House Bill 498 (2024), effective July 1, 2024, requires websites where at least one-third of the content is pornographic to perform 'reasonable age verification' to prevent minors from accessing harmful material. This has led to some adult content sites restricting access to Idaho users.

A notable recent law is House Bill 270 (2025), which significantly expands Idaho's indecent exposure laws to include the public display of female breasts, male breasts altered to look like female breasts, artificial breasts, and 'toys or products intended to resemble male or female genitals.' Another significant law is House Bill 498 (2024) requiring age verification for online adult content. Idaho also passed a law in 2024 (House Bill 421) that redefines 'sex' as either male or female, based on a person's sex assigned at birth.

Recent legislative changes include House Bill 270 (2025) expanding indecent exposure laws, House Bill 498 (2024) implementing age verification for online adult content, and House Bill 421 (2024) redefining 'sex' based on sex assigned at birth. House Bill 494 (2024) reorganized Idaho's human trafficking laws, imposing mandatory minimum incarceration periods for certain crimes.

Idaho Code Section 18-5613 (Prostitution), Idaho Code Section 18-5614 (Soliciting Commercial Sexual Activity), Idaho Code Title 18, Chapter 41 (Indecency and Obscenity), Idaho Code Section 18-4105 (Public Display of Offensive Sexual Material), Idaho Code Section 18-4116 (Indecent Exposure), House Bill 494 (Human Trafficking), House Bill 270 (Indecent Exposure), House Bill 498 (Age Verification for Online Adult Content), House Bill 421 (Definition of Sex). Local ordinances and municipal codes (e.g., Meridian, Nampa, Idaho Falls, Ada County) also govern zoning and licensing for adult businesses.

• Illinois Compiled Statutes 720 ILCS 5 (Criminal Code). (2024). Illinois General Assembly. https://www.ilga.gov/ • Sex Education Collaborative. (2024). Illinois state profile. https://sexeducationcollaborative.org/states/illinois • Illinois State Board of Education. (2024). Health education learning standards. https://www.isbe.net/

In Illinois, prostitution is a Class A misdemeanor for first-time offenders. It is defined as knowingly performing, offering, or agreeing to perform any act of sexual penetration, touching, or fondling the sex organs of one person by another person for purposes of sexual arousal or gratification in exchange for anything of value. Illinois law exempts those under 18 years of age from prosecution for any prostitution-related offense. Penalties: * Class A misdemeanors: Up to one year in prison and up to $2,500 in fines. Applies to prostitution and solicitation of prostitution. * Class 4 felonies: One to three years in prison and up to $25,000 in fines. Applies to solicitation of a sexual act from a minor or person with a profound intellectual disability, promoting prostitution, and patronizing a sex worker. * Class 3 felonies: Two to five years in prison. Applies to promoting prostitution within 1,000 feet of a school and patronizing a prostitute within 1,000 feet of a school. * Class 1 and Class X Felonies: Class 1 is 4-15 years in prison, Class X is 6-60 years in prison. Applies to promoting juvenile prostitution and promoting juvenile prostitution within 1,000 feet of a school.

remaining_states_sexuality_laws_researchOwning or maintaining a place of prostitution (i.e., a brothel) is illegal in Illinois. This falls under "Advancing prostitution" (ILCS § 5/11-14.3 Promoting Prostitution), which includes compelling another to become a prostitute, arranging or offering to arrange a place for others to become sex workers, and any other method of promoting prostitution (pimping, pandering).     Owning or maintaining a place of prostitution (i.e., a brothel) is illegal in Illinois. This falls under "Advancing prostitution" (ILCS § 5/11-14.3 Promoting Prostitution), which includes compelling another to become a prostitute, arranging or offering to arrange a place for others to become sex workers, and any other method of promoting prostitution (pimping, pandering).Turn on screen reader supportTo enable screen reader support, press ⌘+Option+Z To learn about keyboard shortcuts, press ⌘slash

While specific state-level laws on sex toy stores are not as prevalent as local ordinances, some municipalities regulate them as "adult stores." These regulations may include: * Age restrictions: Prohibiting persons under 18 from entering adult stores. * Distribution of sexual devices: Some local ordinances may prohibit the commercial sale or distribution of certain devices. It's important to note that Illinois law (720 ILCS 5/11-21) has historically included provisions regarding the sale of "harmful materials," which at times has been interpreted to include sex toys. However, current interpretations generally allow for the sale of sex toys to adults over 18. Local ordinances often dictate specific zoning and operational requirements for these businesses.

Illinois law defines obscenity in 720 ILCS 5/11-20. A person commits obscenity when, with knowledge of the nature or content thereof, or recklessly failing to exercise reasonable inspection, they engage in activities such as: * Selling, delivering, or providing obscene material (writing, picture, record, etc.). * Presenting or directing an obscene play, dance, or other performance. * Publishing, exhibiting, or otherwise making available anything obscene. * Performing an obscene act or presenting an obscene exhibition for gain. * Possessing obscene matter with intent to disseminate it. * Advertising or promoting the sale of material represented as obscene. Obscene Defined: Material or performance is obscene if: 1. The average person, applying contemporary adult community standards, would find that, taken as a whole, it appeals to the prurient interest. 2. The average person, applying contemporary adult community standards, would find that it depicts or describes, in a patently offensive way, ultimate sexual acts or sadomasochistic sexual acts, whether normal or perverted, actual or simulated, or masturbation, excretory functions, or lewd exhibition of the genitals. 3. Taken as a whole, it lacks serious literary, artistic, political, or scientific value. Penalties: Obscenity is a Class A misdemeanor for a first offense. A second or subsequent offense is a Class 4 felony. Public Indecency: Illinois also has laws against public indecency (720 ILCS 5/11-30). This typically involves performing sexual acts or exposing oneself in a public place. Penalties vary depending on the specific circumstances, such as proximity to schools or the age of the offender.

Zoning regulations for adult businesses in Illinois are primarily established and enforced at the municipal and county levels. Local ordinances often dictate where adult businesses can operate, typically restricting them to specific zoning districts (e.g., industrial zones) and often requiring significant separation from sensitive land uses such as residential areas, schools, churches, and parks. Examples of such local regulations can be found in the codes of Edwardsville, DuPage County, and Madison County, which often require special use permits for adult businesses.

Similar to zoning, licensing requirements for adult businesses are largely determined by local jurisdictions (cities and counties) in Illinois. Municipalities often require adult entertainment establishments and adult stores to obtain specific adult business licenses to operate legally within their boundaries. These licenses are typically annual and may involve detailed application procedures and compliance with general business regulations. Examples include licensing requirements in DuPage County, Rockford, and McHenry. Additionally, some specific types of adult businesses, such as live adult entertainment facilities, may also be subject to state-level registration or surcharge requirements, such as those imposed by the Illinois Department of Revenue.

Illinois has recently introduced legislation, such as Senate Bill 2082 (SB2082), known as the Adult Content Age Verification Act. This Act aims to regulate commercial entities that knowingly and intentionally publish or distribute material harmful to minors on the internet from websites containing a substantial portion of such material. These entities would be subject to civil penalties if they fail to implement reasonable age verification methods to prevent minors from accessing the content. Key provisions of SB2082: * Purpose: To prevent minors from accessing material harmful to them on adult content websites. * Requirements: Commercial entities must perform reasonable age verification methods. * Enforcement: The Attorney General may investigate violations and initiate civil actions for injunctions and civil penalties. * Penalties: Civil penalties of up to $5,000 per day of violation, with an additional penalty of up to $10,000 for knowingly failing to perform age verification. Funds collected are deposited into the Cyber Exploitation of Children Fund.

One notable aspect of Illinois law is the proposed legislation to decriminalize sex work and establish a "Sex Workers' Bill of Rights." If passed, this would be a significant shift in how sex work is legally treated in the state, moving away from criminalization for consensual adult activities. Another notable law is the focus on human trafficking as a Class X felony, separate from sex crimes, highlighting the state's commitment to combating involuntary servitude and sexual exploitation.

There have been significant legislative efforts in Illinois to decriminalize sex work. Several bills, including HB3518 and SB2391, aim to remove criminal penalties for adults engaged in consensual paid sex and to establish a "Sex Workers' Bill of Rights Act." These proposed changes would also include expunging criminal records for individuals with previous prostitution offenses. Additionally, there are efforts to change sex offense descriptions, such as replacing "juvenile prostitution" with "commercial sexual exploitation of a minor," to better reflect the nature of the crime and protect minors.

* Prostitution and Sex Work: * Illinois Statutes § 5/11-14(d) * ILCS § 5/5/11-14 (Prostitution statute) * Section 5/11-14.1 (Solicitation of a sexual act) * ILCS § 5/11-18 (Patronizing a prostitute) * ILCS § 5/11-14.3 (Promoting Prostitution) * ILCS § 5/11-14.4 (Promoting juvenile prostitution) * ILCS § 5/10-9 (Human Trafficking) * Proposed: HB3518 (Sex Workers' Bill of Rights Act), SB2391 (Sex Workers' Bill of Rights Act) * Obscenity and Public Decency: * 720 ILCS 5/11-20 (Obscenity) * 720 ILCS 5/11-30 (Public Indecency) * Adult Entertainment and Retail: * Local ordinances (e.g., Will County Chapter 119, DuPage County Article XV, Edwardsville Article III, Madison County Section 93.060, Rockford Adult Entertainment License, McHenry Article B) * 720 ILCS 5/11-21 (Harmful materials - historical context for sex toys) * Age Verification for Digital Platforms: * Proposed: SB2082 (Adult Content Age Verification Act)

• Indiana Code Title 35 (Criminal Law and Procedure). (2024). Indiana General Assembly. http://iga.in.gov/ • Sex Education Collaborative. (2024). Indiana state profile. https://sexeducationcollaborative.org/states/indiana • Indiana Department of Education. (2024). Health and wellness education standards. https://www.doe.in.gov/

Indiana Code 35-45-4 divides prostitution-related offenses into three categories: (1) Prostitution (IC 35-45-4-2): A person at least 18 years old who knowingly or intentionally performs, offers, or agrees to perform sexual intercourse or other sexual conduct, or fondles/offers to fondle the genitals of another person, for money or other property commits a Class A misdemeanor (0-365 days in prison, up to $5,000 fine). Two prior unrelated convictions elevate it to a Level 6 felony (up to 2.5 years in prison, up to $10,000 fine). (2) Unlawful Proposition/Solicitation (IC 35-45-4-3): Occurs when someone offers, agrees to, or actually pays or trades property to another person in exchange for engaging in sexual conduct. For first- or second-time offenders, this is a Class A misdemeanor. Two prior unrelated convictions elevate it to a Level 6 felony. Consent of the victim or the fact that the intended victim was a law enforcement officer is not an adequate defense. (3) Promotion of Prostitution/Pimping (IC 35-45-4-4): Occurs when a person entices or compels another person to become a prostitute; procures a prostitute for another person; or receives compensation or property from a prostitute via an act of prostitution. Also applies to controlling a place where prostitution services are utilized or directing a person to a dwelling for prostitution. Most charges are Level 5 felonies (1-6 years in prison, up to $10,000 fine). If the prostitute is under 18, it's a Level 4 felony (up to 12 years in prison) and requires sex offender registration.

Indiana law does not explicitly define or legalize brothels; instead, it criminalizes the promotion of prostitution, which includes operating a house of prostitution. Therefore, brothels are illegal under the existing prostitution statutes. Indianapolis-Marion County Chapter 807 regulates adult entertainment businesses to promote health, safety, morals, and general welfare, based on findings of adverse secondary effects (e.g., increased crime, spread of STDs) associated with such establishments. Key findings include: adult entertainment businesses are associated with ancillary unlawful and unhealthy activities; crime statistics show higher rates of crime, especially sex-related crimes, in neighborhoods with adult entertainment businesses; sexual acts occur in adult entertainment businesses, particularly those with booths for viewing films or live shows; acts of prostitution commonly occur at these businesses; communicable diseases may be spread by activities occurring in adult entertainment businesses.

Adult retail businesses (sex toy stores, adult bookstores, adult novelty stores) are regulated primarily at the local level through sexually oriented business ordinances. Plymouth, IN Chapter 111 defines Adult Bookstore, Adult Novelty Store or Adult Video Store as a commercial establishment with a significant portion of its stock or revenue from the sale/rental of books, magazines, films, or instruments/devices designed for use or marketed primarily for stimulation of human genital organs or for sadomasochistic use. Even if other business purposes exist, if one principal purpose is the sale/rental of such materials, it's categorized as an Adult Bookstore/Novelty Store/Video Store. These businesses are subject to licensing requirements, zoning restrictions, and operational regulations at the local level.

Indiana Code 35-49-2-1 defines obscene matter or performance as material that: (1) the average person, applying contemporary community standards, finds that the dominant theme, taken as a whole, appeals to the prurient interest in sex; (2) depicts or describes, in a patently offensive way, sexual conduct; and (3) taken as a whole, lacks serious literary, artistic, political, or scientific value. 'Matter' includes books, magazines, newspapers, pictures, drawings, photographs, motion pictures, recordings, or articles. 'Performance' includes any play, motion picture, dance, or other exhibition or presentation performed before an audience of one or more persons. 'Sexual conduct' (IC 35-49-1-9) includes acts of sexual intercourse or other sexual conduct; exhibition of uncovered genitals in the context of masturbation or other sexual activity; exhibition of uncovered genitals of a person under sixteen years of age; sadomasochistic abuse; or sexual intercourse or other sexual conduct with an animal. Penalties (IC 35-49-3-1): Knowingly or intentionally sending or bringing into Indiana obscene matter for sale or distribution, or exhibiting, distributing, or offering to distribute obscene matter to another person, is a Class A misdemeanor. If the matter depicts or describes any person who is or appears to be under 18, the charge may be elevated to a Level 6 felony. Public Indecency (IC 35-45-4-1) occurs when a person knowingly or intentionally engages in sexual intercourse, other sexual conduct, appears in a state of nudity with the intent to arouse sexual desires, or fondles their own or another person's genitals in a public place. Public Nudity (IC 35-45-4-1.5) is a Class C misdemeanor for knowingly or intentionally appearing in a public place in a state of nudity.

Zoning laws for adult businesses in Indiana are primarily handled at the local (county and city) level, often as part of sexually oriented business ordinances. These regulations typically aim to mitigate the perceived negative secondary effects of such businesses. Common zoning restrictions include: (1) Distance Requirements - Adult businesses are often prohibited from being located within a certain distance of residential areas, schools, churches, public parks, and other sensitive uses; (2) Concentration Limits - Regulations may limit the number of adult businesses within a certain area to prevent over-concentration; (3) Designated Zoning Districts - Many municipalities restrict adult businesses to specific zoning districts, such as industrial or commercial zones (e.g., Munster, IN requires sexually oriented businesses to be located within 'M' Manufacturing zoning districts), often requiring special permits. Indianapolis-Marion County Chapter 807 implies zoning restrictions by stating that it is unlawful to operate an adult entertainment business not in compliance with its requirements and references legal precedents like City of Renton v. Playtime Theatres, Inc., which established content-neutral zoning of adult businesses based on secondary effects.

Licensing requirements for adult businesses in Indiana are primarily handled at the local (city/county) level, as Indiana does not have a single, comprehensive state-level business license. Indianapolis requires an adult entertainment license for establishments defined in their ordinance, though establishments with an Alcoholic Beverage Commission license to serve alcohol on the premises are exempt from this specific license requirement. Allen County's Sexually Oriented Business Licensing Ordinance (Article 30) outlines comprehensive licensing requirements including: license required to operate; detailed application process; conditions for license issuance; applicable fees; required inspections of premises; annual license expiration and renewal; provisions for suspension and revocation for non-compliance; and employee licenses in some jurisdictions. Common licensing requirements include: background checks for owners and sometimes employees; compliance with all local and state regulations including zoning, health, and safety codes; diagrams/layouts of premises required in applications; and denial for applicants with certain prior criminal convictions. Indiana Code § 7.1-3-23-20.5 applies to holders of retailer's permits that provide adult entertainment on licensed premises, suggesting specific regulations for establishments serving alcohol and offering adult entertainment.

Indiana Senate Bill 17 (SB 17) mandates that operators of adult-oriented websites displaying material harmful to minors must implement a reasonable age verification method to prevent minors from accessing the site. Key provisions include: (1) Mandatory Age Verification - Requires adult-oriented websites to implement reasonable age verification methods; (2) Legal Framework for Damages - Establishes a legal framework allowing parents or guardians of a child harmed by a breach of the age verification requirement to seek monetary damages, injunctive relief, and reasonable attorney's fees. Any other individual can also pursue injunctive relief and attorney's fees if the age verification process is violated; (3) Prohibition on Data Retention - Prohibits entities conducting age verification from retaining the identifying information of individuals attempting to access these adult-oriented websites. If identifying information is improperly retained, individuals are entitled to bring an action to seek monetary damages, injunctive relief, and reasonable attorney's fees. Current Status: A federal judge initially halted the law, but a federal appeals court later allowed it to take effect. Some major adult content sites have blocked access in Indiana due to this law. The law has faced constitutional challenges regarding First Amendment concerns and privacy issues related to data breaches from sharing personal information like photo IDs.

Notable laws specific to Indiana include: (1) Age of Consent - The age of consent in Indiana is 16; (2) LGBTQ+ Rights - Indiana does not have a statewide law that protects LGBTQ+ people from discrimination in employment, housing, and public accommodations, though same-sex adoption is legal via case law; (3) 'Brothel Law' Myth - There is a common myth about a 'brothel law' in Terre Haute or other parts of Indiana that classifies five or more unrelated women living in a house as a brothel and therefore illegal. This is untrue and has been debunked; (4) School Grounds Restriction - Indiana Code 35-45-4-1 includes specific provisions making it a Class A misdemeanor to knowingly or intentionally appear in a state of nudity in or on school grounds; (5) Digital Platform Age Verification - Indiana is among the states that have enacted comprehensive age verification requirements for adult-oriented websites, with SB 17 being one of the more detailed such laws in the nation.

Recent changes and proposed legislation include: (1) Senate Bill 17 (SB 17) - Age Verification for Digital Platforms: This law, requiring age verification for adult-oriented websites displaying material harmful to minors, has been a significant recent change. While initially halted by a federal judge, a federal appeals court later allowed it to take effect, leading to some major adult content sites blocking access in Indiana; (2) Proposed Restrictions on Adult Store Locations (e.g., House Bill 1122): Legislative efforts to prohibit registered sexually-oriented businesses from operating within a certain distance (e.g., 1,000 feet) of facilities that cater to minors, such as schools or childcare facilities. While some local ordinances already have such restrictions, these bills aim for statewide application; (3) 'Obscene Performance' Ban: Recent discussions and proposed legislation (e.g., SB 326) aim to ban government funding, organizing, and/or hosting of 'obscene performances,' although existing obscenity laws already address such content; (4) Social Media Accounts for Minors: A proposed bill seeks to restrict Hoosiers under age 16 from creating social media accounts without verified parental permission; (5) LGBTQ+ Legislation: Four laws went into effect enacting bans on gender transitions for minors, student pronoun changes, and gender affirmation surgery in prisons.

Indiana Code 35-45-4 (General chapter for prostitution-related offenses); Indiana Code 35-45-4-2 (Prostitution); Indiana Code 35-45-4-3 (Unlawful Proposition/Solicitation); Indiana Code 35-45-4-4 (Promotion of Prostitution); Indiana Code § 12-7-2-1.8 ('Adult Entertainment Establishment'); Indiana Code § 7.1-3-23-20.5 (Adult Entertainment Performers); Indiana Code 35-49-2-1 (Obscene Matter or Performance); Indiana Code 35-49-1-9 (Definition of Sexual Conduct); Indiana Code 35-49-3-1 (Penalties for Obscenity); Indiana Code 35-45-4-1 (Public Indecency); Indiana Code 35-31.5-2-221.5 (Definition of Other Sexual Conduct for Public Indecency); Indiana Code 35-45-4-1.5 (Public Nudity); Indianapolis-Marion County, IN, Code of Ordinances, Chapter 807 - ADULT ENTERTAINMENT BUSINESSES; Plymouth, IN, Code of Ordinances, Chapter 111 SEXUALLY ORIENTED BUSINESSES; Gary, IN, Code of Ordinances, ARTICLE III. - SEXUALLY ORIENTED BUSINESSES; Allen County, IN, Sexually Oriented Business Licensing Ordinance - Article 30; Indiana Senate Bill 17 (SB 17) - Age Verification for Digital Platforms; House Bill 1122 (Proposed legislation regarding adult store locations); Senate Bill 326 (Proposed legislation regarding obscene performances).

• Iowa Code Chapter 725 (Prostitution). (2024). Iowa Legislature. https://www.legis.iowa.gov/ • Sex Education Collaborative. (2024). Iowa state profile. https://sexeducationcollaborative.org/states/iowa • Iowa Department of Education. (2024). Health education standards. https://educateiowa.gov/

Iowa Code Section 725.1 (2024) states that a person who sells or offers for sale their services as a partner in a sex act commits an aggravated misdemeanor. If the person selling or offering services is under 18, the county attorney may refer them to the department of health and human services for a child in need of assistance petition, or they may petition the court to expunge the conviction after two years if they have no other criminal convictions. A person who purchases or offers to purchase another person's services as a partner in a sex act commits an aggravated misdemeanor. If the person purchasing or offering services is from a person under the age of eighteen, it commits a class 'D' felony.

Iowa Code Section 702.4 (2024) defines a 'brothel' as any building, structure, or part thereof, or other place offering shelter or seclusion, which is principally or regularly used for the purpose of prostitution, with the consent or connivance of the owner, tenant, or other person in possession of it.

Iowa does not have a single, comprehensive statewide law specifically regulating sex toy stores or adult retail businesses. These businesses are primarily subject to local ordinances enacted by individual cities and counties, as well as general business regulations and obscenity laws. Local ordinances often cover aspects such as zoning, licensing, and restrictions on sales to minors.

Iowa Code Chapter 728 defines obscenity. Section 728.1 defines 'obscene material' as any material depicting or describing genitals, sex acts, masturbation, excretory functions or sadomasochistic abuse which the average person, taking the material as a whole and applying contemporary community standards with respect to what is suitable material for minors, would find appeals to the prurient interest and is patently offensive; and the material, taken as a whole, lacks serious literary, scientific, political or artistic value. It also defines 'disseminate', 'knowingly', 'material', 'minor', 'place of business', 'prohibited sexual act', 'promote', 'sadomasochistic abuse', 'sex act', and 'visual depiction'.

Iowa Code Chapter 414 pertains to City Zoning, granting cities the power to regulate and restrict the location and use of buildings, structures, and land for various purposes, including those that can impact adult businesses. Many Iowa cities have their own ordinances regulating sexually oriented businesses, often including specific zoning requirements that restrict their proximity to residential areas, schools, and churches.

Licensing and permit requirements for adult businesses in Iowa are primarily regulated at the local (city and county) level. Many cities and counties have ordinances requiring special licenses or permits for sexually oriented businesses, involving application processes, background checks, and adherence to operational guidelines.

Iowa has recently enacted and is actively considering legislation regarding age verification for digital platforms displaying obscene material. House File 864, which passed the Iowa House, requires websites displaying obscene material to verify the ages of their users to prevent access by minors.

Not explicitly found during this research. The focus was on general categories of laws.

House File 864, passed by the Iowa House, mandates age verification for websites displaying obscene material. This bill aims to restrict access to such content for individuals under 18 years of age.

IA Code § 725.1 (2024); IA Code § 702.4 (2024); IA Code Chapter 728; Iowa Code Chapter 414; House File 864 (Iowa Legislature); various city and county ordinances (e.g., Pottawattamie County Code 3.55.040, Le Mars City Code 125.04, Dubuque City Ordinance for Adult Entertainment Establishment Business License).

• Kansas Statutes Chapter 21 (Crimes and Punishments). (2024). Kansas Legislature. http://www.kslegislature.org/ • Sex Education Collaborative. (2024). Kansas state profile. https://sexeducationcollaborative.org/states/kansas • Kansas State Department of Education. (2024). Health education standards. https://www.ksde.org/

Prostitution is illegal in Kansas. Kansas Statutes Annotated §21-6419 defines prostitution as performing for hire, or offering or agreeing to perform for hire where there is an exchange of value, any sexual intercourse, sodomy, or manual or other bodily contact stimulation of the genitals with intent to arouse or gratify sexual desires. Penalties for prostitution are a Class B misdemeanor, punishable by up to six months in jail and fines up to $1,000. Patronizing a prostitute (K.S.A. §21-6421) is knowingly entering or remaining in a house of prostitution with intent to engage in sexual intercourse, sodomy or any unlawful sexual act with a prostitute, or knowingly hiring a prostitute to engage in such acts. Patronizing is a Class C misdemeanor. Promoting prostitution (K.S.A. §21-6420) includes establishing, owning, maintaining or managing a house of prostitution, permitting property to be used as a brothel, procuring a prostitute, inducing another to become a prostitute, soliciting a patron, procuring a prostitute for a patron, transporting a person to engage in prostitution, or being employed to perform such acts. Promoting prostitution is a Class A person misdemeanor when the prostitute is 16 or more years of age, and a severity level 7, person felony for repeat offenders. If the prostitute is under 16, it's a severity level 6, person felony. If the offender is 18 or older and the prostitute is less than 14, it's an off-grid person felony.

Promoting prostitution laws in Kansas (K.S.A. §21-6420) explicitly prohibit establishing, owning, maintaining, or managing a house of prostitution, or participating in such activities. It also prohibits permitting any place partially or wholly owned or controlled by the defendant to be used as a house of prostitution. Adult entertainment businesses are regulated at the local level, with examples like Kansas City, MO, having ordinances (ARTICLE II. - ADULT ENTERTAINMENT BUSINESSES) defining adult cabarets, adult entertainment businesses, and adult live entertainment facilities, and setting operational hours and conduct restrictions. These local ordinances often prohibit sexual conduct or prostitution on the premises.

Kansas City, MO, ordinances define 'sex shop' as a business offering goods for sale or rent that meets certain criteria, such as offering items from two of the specified categories (e.g., books, magazines, films, or sexual paraphernalia). These businesses are subject to zoning restrictions. Some local ordinances, like those in Olathe, define 'adult business' based on the percentage of floor area devoted to adult media. There are also reports of Kansas requiring adult toy stores to be licensed and located away from certain areas.

Kansas Statutes Chapter 21, Article 64, Section 21-6401 addresses 'Promoting obscenity; promoting obscenity to minors.' Promoting obscenity is a Class A nonperson misdemeanor for a first offense, and a severity level 9, person felony for a second or subsequent offense. Lewd and lascivious behavior (K.S.A. 21-5513) is a Class B nonperson misdemeanor if committed in the presence of a person 16 or more years of age, and a severity level 7, person felony if committed in the presence of a person under 16. Intentional public nudity or indecent exposure is also a crime under state statute 21-5513.

Zoning laws for adult businesses are primarily handled at the municipal level. For example, Kansas City, MO, has specific zoning regulations (88-310 - ADULT BUSINESSES AND ADULT MEDIA) that require adult motion picture theaters, sex shops, and adult media stores to be separated from protected uses and zoning districts such as houses of worship, schools, day-care facilities, public parks, and residential zoning districts. These regulations specify minimum separation distances (e.g., 1,000 feet for adult motion picture theaters, 800 feet for sex shops, and 600 feet for adult media stores). Measurements are typically property-line to property-line. Some local ordinances also state that adult-oriented businesses are not permitted within certain zoning districts.

Licensing requirements for adult businesses are typically at the local level. For instance, Kansas City, MO, requires adult entertainment businesses to obtain certain licenses from Regulated Industries and follow regulations. City of Parsons, KS, also states that all adult business licenses shall be issued only for the one adult business use listed on the application. There are also reports that Kansas requires adult toy stores to be licensed.

No specific state-level age verification requirements for digital platforms with sexual content were found in the initial research. This area may be subject to local ordinances or federal regulations.

Kansas has distinct laws for purchasing sexual services (patronizing) and selling sexual services (prostitution). The penalties for promoting prostitution increase significantly for repeat offenders and when minors are involved. There are also specific local ordinances that regulate the hours of operation and conduct within adult entertainment businesses.

Recent legislative changes in Kansas have expanded prostitution laws and enhanced criminal penalties for these offenses. For example, a first-time prostitution offense can be charged as a Class-A misdemeanor, and promoting prostitution can be a severity level nine felony offense. There have also been discussions and legislative efforts to restrict strip clubs, adult video stores, and other sexually oriented businesses, including limitations on operating hours and proximity to certain establishments.

Kansas Statutes Annotated (K.S.A.) §21-6419 (Prostitution), K.S.A. §21-6421 (Patronizing a prostitute), K.S.A. §21-6420 (Promoting prostitution), K.S.A. 21-6401 (Promoting obscenity), K.S.A. 21-5513 (Lewd and lascivious behavior/Indecent exposure). Local ordinances such as Kansas City, MO, Code of Ordinances, ARTICLE II. - ADULT ENTERTAINMENT BUSINESSES, and Zoning and Development Code 88-310 - ADULT BUSINESSES AND ADULT MEDIA.

• Kentucky Revised Statutes Chapter 529 (Prostitution and Related Offenses). (2024). Kentucky Legislature. https://legislature.ky.gov/ • Sex Education Collaborative. (2024). Kentucky state profile. https://sexeducationcollaborative.org/states/kentucky • Kentucky Department of Education. (2024). Health education program of studies. https://education.ky.gov/

Prostitution is illegal in Kentucky, including paying for or selling sexual favors, and promoting or profiting from prostitution. KRS 529.020 defines prostitution as engaging in or offering sexual conduct for value, with penalties of Class B misdemeanor (up to 90 days jail, $250 fine). KRS 529.040 prohibits promoting prostitution (Class A misdemeanor, up to 12 months prison, $500 fine), with owning/managing a brothel being a Class D felony (1-5 years prison, up to $10,000 fine). Permitting prostitution on property is a Class B misdemeanor. Loitering for prostitution is a Class B misdemeanor. Minors cannot be prosecuted for prostitution; instead, reports are filed and protective custody/investigation by Cabinet for Health and Family Services may occur.

Brothels are defined as any building, erection or other place used for the purpose of prostitution (KRS 233.010). Owning or managing a brothel or other location for prostitution is a Class D felony, punishable by one to five years in prison and fines up to $10,000 (KRS 529.040). Adult entertainment establishments are regulated to promote health, safety, and general welfare of citizens (Clark County, KY, Chapter 113: Sexually Oriented Businesses). Licensing is required for employees and establishments (Jefferson County, KY, Adult Entertainment Establishments; Mayfield, KY, Article IV - Adult Entertainment; Covington, KY, 5.20.050 Adult entertainment business license). Restrictions include not displaying sexual content visible from outside the establishment. Senate Bill 147 (2024) prohibits "adult-oriented" businesses from being located within 933 feet of a child care facility, children's amusement facility, or other specified locations.

Adult-oriented businesses, including adult amusement arcades, adult bookstores, and adult novelty stores (Simpson County, KY, Ordinance 440.4), are subject to regulation to prevent crime, protect retail trade, and maintain property values (KRS 82.088). Senate Bill 147 (2024) prohibits "adult-oriented" businesses from being located within 933 feet of a child care facility, children's amusement facility, or other specified locations. Local ordinances also address location restrictions (Louisville Metro, KY, Chapter 111: Adult Entertainment Establishments). Licensing requirements exist for sexually oriented businesses (e.g., Simpson County, KY, Ordinance 05-40 Licensing for Sexually Oriented Businesses).

Distribution of Obscene Matter (KRS 531.020) is a Class B misdemeanor, with elevated charges for possession of multiple units. Promoting Sale of Obscenity (KRS 531.060), Using Minors to Distribute Obscene Material (KRS 531.040), and Advertising Obscene Material (KRS 531.050) are prohibited. Public Decency laws include Indecent Exposure in the First Degree (KRS 510.148), a Class B misdemeanor for first offense and Class A for second within three years, and Indecent Exposure in the Second Degree (KRS 510.150), a Class B misdemeanor. Public urination may be charged as indecent exposure.

Senate Bill 147 (2024) prohibits "adult-oriented" businesses from being located within 933 feet of a child care facility, children's amusement facility, or other specified locations, aiming for statewide regulations while allowing local governments to impose stronger measures. Local jurisdictions have their own zoning ordinances, such as Murray, KY (KRS 156.056), Henderson, KY (Chapter 2.5), Louisville Metro, KY (Chapter 111), and Clark County, KY (Chapter 113). Local ordinances often specify distance requirements from sensitive locations like schools (e.g., 1000 feet).

Kentucky does not have a single statewide license for all businesses, but certain businesses, including adult businesses, require special licenses or permits. Many local jurisdictions have specific licensing requirements for sexually oriented businesses. An application for an adult entertainment business license must be submitted in the name of the person proposing to operate the business (Covington, KY, 5.20.050). Some ordinances require employees of adult entertainment establishments to apply for a license (Jefferson County, KY, Adult Entertainment Establishments). Licensing ordinances often classify different types of sexually oriented businesses, such as adult bookstores, adult video stores, adult cabarets, and adult motels (Simpson County, KY, Ordinance 05-40). Licensing may also include requirements related to hours of operation and construction (Louisville Metro, KY, Chapter 111).

House Bill 278 (Effective July 15, 2024) requires adult content websites to verify the age of their users. It applies to websites that "create, host, or make available content that meets the definition of matter harmful to minors." The law typically requires users to upload an ID for age verification. Following the enactment of HB 278, many adult websites, including Pornhub, have blocked access to users in Kentucky.

Sex Education (Senate Bill 150, 2023 & Chapter 132) prohibits instruction in human sexuality in grades five and below, requires parental consent for grades six and above, and prohibits instruction on gender identity or expression. Sex-Based Classifications (House Bill 390, 2024) defines "boy" as a human male minor and states "equal" does not mean identical between sexes. Adult-Oriented Business Restrictions (Senate Bill 147, 2024 & House Bill 402) introduce statewide regulations for adult businesses, including strip clubs and adult bookstores, prohibiting them from operating within 933 feet of child care facilities, children's amusement facilities, and other specified locations, while allowing local governments to impose stricter measures.

Senate Bill 150 (2023) changed sex education rules. House Bill 390 (2024) introduced sex-based classifications. Senate Bill 147 (2024) and House Bill 402 introduced new restrictions and statewide regulations for adult-oriented businesses. House Bill 278 (effective July 15, 2024) enacted age verification requirements for digital platforms with sexual content.

Kentucky Revised Statutes (KRS) Sections: 529.020, 529.040, 233.010, 82.088, 531.020, 531.060, 531.040, 531.050, 510.148, 510.150. Also includes references to local ordinances such as Clark County, KY, Chapter 113; Jefferson County, KY, Adult Entertainment Establishments; Mayfield, KY, Article IV - Adult Entertainment; Covington, KY, 5.20.050; Simpson County, KY, Ordinance 440.4; Louisville Metro, KY, Chapter 111; Simpson County, KY, Ordinance 05-40.

• Louisiana Revised Statutes Title 14 (Criminal Law). (2024). Louisiana Legislature. http://www.legis.la.gov/ • Sex Education Collaborative. (2024). Louisiana state profile. https://sexeducationcollaborative.org/states/louisiana • Louisiana Department of Education. (2024). Health education grade-level expectations. https://www.louisianabelieves.com/

Prostitution is illegal in Louisiana. RS 14:82 defines prostitution as the practice or solicitation of indiscriminate sexual intercourse for compensation. Penalties for prostitution (RS 14:82) range from fines of up to $500 and imprisonment for up to six months for a first conviction, increasing significantly for subsequent convictions and for offenses involving minors (up to $75,000 fine and 50 years imprisonment for those under 14). Soliciting for prostitutes (RS 14:83) and promoting prostitution (RS 14:83.2) are also illegal with varying penalties. Property owners allowing prostitution on their premises can also face charges.

Promoting prostitution is illegal under Louisiana Revised Statutes RS 14:83.2. This includes knowingly and willfully controlling, supervising, or managing an enterprise for profit in which customers are charged a fee for services that include prostitution. Penalties vary based on the age of the person involved (under 18 or under 14).

Louisiana law defines 'adult paraphernalia store' and 'adult novelty store' as commercial establishments that have a significant portion of stock-in-trade, revenue, or display space for the sale or rental of items characterized by emphasis on specified sexual activities or anatomical areas, or instruments designed for stimulation of human genital organs or sadomasochistic use (RS 23:1019.1). Local ordinances may ban the sale of adult toys or require specific licensing.

The crime of obscenity in Louisiana (RS 14:106) includes intentional exposure of genitals/pubic hair/anus/vulva/female breast nipples in public with intent to arouse sexual desire or which appeals to prurient interest. It also covers participation in, management of, or promotion of 'hard core sexual conduct' (defined in detail) and the sale or display of 'obscene material' (also defined). Penalties include fines and imprisonment. Indecent exposure falls under obscenity-related offenses.

Zoning laws for adult businesses are often regulated at the local level. For example, New Orleans Comprehensive Zoning Ordinance (Article 20) prohibits adult uses within 1,000 feet of any residential district, place of worship, educational facility, and park or playground, with exceptions for Vieux Carré Entertainment Districts. Other municipalities like Monroe and Shreveport also have specific chapters in their codes of ordinances regulating sexually-oriented businesses and their locations.

Licensing for adult businesses is typically handled at the local level. For example, the City of New Orleans requires an Adult Services license for businesses falling into categories like Adult Book Store. Other municipalities like West Baton Rouge Parish and Bastrop also have specific adult use permits or sexually oriented business employee licenses.

Louisiana Act 440 (RS 9:2800.28) mandates age verification for adult websites containing a substantial portion (33.33%) of adult material. This law provides liability for publishing/distributing material harmful to minors online if age verification is not done. Parents can take legal action against non-compliant platforms. Recent news indicates a lawsuit against Roblox for not requiring age verification.

Louisiana has a unique law allowing surgical castration as a punishment for sex crimes (effective July 1, 2024). The state also has a 'crime against nature' law (RS 14:89) that criminalizes 'unnatural carnal copulation'. New Orleans has recently decriminalized sex work for victims who report crimes against them.

Louisiana passed a law allowing surgical castration as a punishment for sex crimes (effective July 1, 2024). New Orleans City Council unanimously passed an ordinance to decriminalize sex work in Orleans Parish for crime victims. Louisiana's Act 440 (RS 9:2800.28) mandates age verification for adult websites and has led to recent lawsuits, including one against Roblox.

RS 14:82 (Prostitution), RS 14:83 (Soliciting for prostitutes), RS 14:83.2 (Promoting prostitution), RS 14:106 (Obscenity), RS 23:1019.1 (Definitions for sexually oriented businesses), RS 46:231.3 (Adult-oriented entertainment establishments), RS 9:2800.28 (Age verification for adult websites). Local ordinances like New Orleans CZO Article 20, Monroe Chapter 29.5, and Shreveport Chapter 72 also apply.

• Maine Revised Statutes Title 17-A (Maine Criminal Code). (2024). Maine Legislature. http://legislature.maine.gov/ • Sex Education Collaborative. (2024). Maine state profile. https://sexeducationcollaborative.org/states/maine • Maine Department of Education. (2024). Health education and physical education standards. https://www.maine.gov/doe/

Maine has partially decriminalized prostitution for those who sell sexual services, but not for those who purchase them. This change took effect in October 2023. The law removes criminal penalties for individuals who sell sex, while maintaining penalties for buyers and those who promote prostitution. Maine Revised Statutes Title 17-A, §851 defines 'prostitution' and 'engages a person for prostitution'. Title 17-A, §853-B addresses engaging a person for prostitution. Title 17-A, §853 covers sex trafficking. Past criminal records for selling sex will be sealed.

Brothels are not legal in Maine. The state's laws focus on regulating 'adult entertainment establishments' through zoning and other local ordinances. The Maine Legislature made it legal for municipalities to regulate adult entertainment establishments through zoning. These establishments include adult amusement stores, adult video stores, adult bookstores, adult novelty stores, adult motion picture theaters, on-site video screening establishments, adult arcades, adult entertainment nightclubs or bars, adult spas, establishments featuring strippers or erotic dancers, escort agencies or other sexually oriented businesses. Municipalities can adopt zoning ordinances to regulate the location of these businesses.

Regulations for sex toy stores and adult retail businesses are primarily handled at the municipal level through zoning and local ordinances, often categorized under 'adult entertainment establishments'. There are no specific statewide laws that ban the sale of sex toys based on age, but some local ordinances may require warnings or restrict access to minors if the establishment also sells other adult materials like pornography. The focus is on regulating the 'secondary effects' of such businesses.

Maine law addresses obscenity through Title 17, Chapter 93-A: OBSCENITY, specifically sections §2911 (Dissemination of obscene matter to minors), §2912 (Magazines containing obscene material on their covers not to be displayed to minors), and §2913 (Exhibiting obscene motion pictures to minors). Additionally, Title 17-A, §854 addresses 'Indecent conduct' in public and private places, defining what constitutes indecent conduct and associated penalties (Class E or Class D crimes). The legal definition of obscenity in Maine is influenced by the Miller v. California Supreme Court case.

Maine municipalities have the authority to regulate 'adult businesses' through zoning ordinances. These ordinances can dictate the location of such businesses, often requiring buffers from residences, churches, schools, and day care facilities. Municipalities can choose to concentrate adult businesses in specific areas or spread them out. The regulation is based on controlling the 'secondary effects' of these businesses, such as increased crime or decreased property values. 30-A M.R.S.A. § 4314 and 30-A M.R.S.A. § 4352 are relevant statutes.

General business licenses in Maine are managed at the town/city level. For adult businesses, specific licensing requirements are often established through local ordinances. Some municipalities, like Lewiston, license 'adult amusement' businesses. The PDF document 'Regulating Adult Entertainment Establishments in Maine' from the Maine State Planning Office suggests that while special permits for adult businesses are not expressly prohibited, municipalities should be cautious as such requirements can violate the 'content neutral' requirement of the O'Brien test. Some local ordinances, like in Oxford, ME, establish licensing requirements for sexually oriented businesses and their employees.

Maine is considering or has passed legislation regarding age verification for digital platforms, particularly for websites hosting pornographic material. A proposed bill in 2023 aimed to require porn websites to verify users are at least 18 years old, similar to laws in other states like Louisiana. There are also discussions and bills related to age restrictions for social media use by minors (e.g., prohibiting users under 14 from creating accounts).

Maine is the first state to partially decriminalize prostitution, where selling sexual services is decriminalized, but purchasing them remains illegal. This 'Nordic Model' approach aims to reduce exploitation of sex workers while targeting demand. Another notable aspect is the sealing of criminal records for those convicted of selling sex.

The most significant recent change is the partial decriminalization of prostitution for sellers, which took effect in October 2023. There are ongoing legislative efforts and discussions regarding age verification for digital platforms with adult content and social media use by minors.

Maine Revised Statutes Title 17-A, §851 (Definitions of Prostitution), Title 17-A, §853-B (Engaging person for prostitution), Title 17-A, §853 (Sex Trafficking), Title 17, Chapter 93-A (Obscenity), Title 17, §2911 (Dissemination of obscene matter to minors), Title 17, §2912 (Magazines containing obscene material on their covers not to be displayed to minors), Title 17, §2913 (Exhibiting obscene motion pictures to minors), Title 17-A, §854 (Indecent conduct), 30-A M.R.S.A. § 4314 and 30-A M.R.S.A. § 4352 (Zoning for adult businesses). The 'Regulating Adult Entertainment Establishments in Maine' document (January 10, 2005) from the Maine State Planning Office also provides relevant information on local regulations and state regulations.

• Maryland Code, Criminal Law Title 11 (Sex Offenses). (2024). Maryland General Assembly. http://mgaleg.maryland.gov/ • Sex Education Collaborative. (2024). Maryland state profile. https://sexeducationcollaborative.org/states/maryland • Maryland State Department of Education. (2024). Health education curriculum. http://www.marylandpublicschools.org/

Legal Status: All acts of prostitution are illegal in Maryland. This includes engaging in prostitution, soliciting a prostitute (assignation), and human trafficking related to prostitution. Prohibited Activities (Maryland Code, Criminal Law, Title 11, Subtitle 3): - Knowingly engaging in prostitution in any manner (§ 11-303) - Knowingly engaging in assignation (making an appointment or engagement for prostitution) (§ 11-303) - Knowingly occupying a building, structure, or conveyance for prostitution or assignation (house of prostitution) (§ 11-303) - Receiving or getting money or proceeds from a person engaged in prostitution with the intent to promote or profit from a crime or concealing the nature of the money (§ 11-304) - Persuading, enticing, or aiding in the persuasion or enticement of someone under 16 from their home or their parent or guardian's custody and secreting, harboring, or aiding their secretion or harboring from their home (§ 11-305) - Knowingly procuring or soliciting (or offering to procure or solicit) prostitution or assignation (§ 11-306) - Knowingly allowing a building, structure, or conveyance under one's control to be used for prostitution assignation (§ 11-307) Human Trafficking (Maryland Code, Criminal Law, Title 3, Subtitle 11): - Taking or placing a person into a place of prostitution (§ 3-1102) - Persuading a person to be taken to a place of prostitution (§ 3-1102) - Receiving consideration (i.e., something of value) to procure people for a place of prostitution (§ 3-1102) - Engaging in a scheme that causes a person to believe that they will face physical harm or restraint if they don't take part in sexually explicit performances (§ 3-1102) - Destroying or confiscating passports or government identification for a prostitution-related crime (§ 3-1102) - Parents or guardians consenting to the taking of their child for prostitution (§ 3-1102) - Taking or detaining with the use of force, threats, coercion, or fraud to compel a person to marry a person (§ 3-1102) - Selling or trading a minor for money, property, or anything of value (§ 3-603) Penalties: - Engaging in prostitution, assignation, or a house of prostitution: misdemeanor, up to one year of jail time and a fine of up to $500 (§ 11-303) - Receiving or getting money or proceeds from prostitution: misdemeanor, up to 10 years in prison and a fine of up to $10,000 (§ 11-304) - Abducting a child under 16 for prostitution: felony, up to 25 years in prison and a $5,000 fine (§ 11-305) - Knowingly procuring or soliciting prostitution: misdemeanor, up to one year of jail time and a fine of up to $500 (§ 11-306) - Using a building for prostitution: misdemeanor, up to one year of jail time and a fine of up to $500 (§ 11-307) - Compelling someone to marry another person: felony, up to 25 years in prison and a fine of up to $15,000 (§ 3-1102) - Sex trafficking: felony, up to 25 years in prison and a fine of up to $10,000 (§ 3-1102) - Selling or trading a minor for consideration: felony, up to 25 years in prison and a fine of up to $10,000 (§ 3-603)

Brothels: - Brothels are illegal in Maryland, as all acts of prostitution are illegal. (Refer to Maryland Prostitution and Sex Work Laws) Adult Entertainment Establishments (Prince George's County Code of Ordinances, Division 26. - Adult Entertainment Clubs): Standards of Conduct for Employees/Entertainers: - No employee or entertainer shall be unclothed, clothed in less than opaque attire, or shall move or remove such attire, or allow such attire to be moved or removed so as to expose to view any portion of the breast below the top of the areola or any portion of the pubic region, anus, buttocks, vulva or genitals, except upon a stage at least eighteen inches (18") above the immediate floor level and removed at least six feet (6") from the nearest patron. (§ 5-2609 (a)(1)) - No employee or entertainer shall perform acts of or acts which simulate sexual intercourse, masturbation, sodomy, bestiality, oral copulation, flagellation, or any sexual acts which are prohibited by law; the touching, caressing or fondling of the breasts, buttocks or genitals; or the displaying of the pubic region, anus, vulva or genitals; except as provided for in Subsection (a) of this Section. (§ 5-2609 (a)(2)) - No employee or entertainer mingling with the patrons shall be unclothed or in less than opaque and complete attire, costume or clothing as described in Subsection (a) of this Section. (§ 5-2609 (a)(3)) - No employee or entertainer shall knowingly touch, caress or fondle the breast, buttocks, anus, genitals or pubic region of another person; or permit the touching, caressing or fondling of his or her own breasts, buttocks, anus, genitals or pubic region by another person; or permit any person upon the premises to touch, caress, or fondle the breasts, buttocks, anus, genitals or pubic region of another person. (§ 5-2609 (a)(4)) - No manager or operator shall knowingly permit any person upon the premises to touch, caress, or fondle the breasts, buttocks, anus, genitals or pubic region of another person. (§ 5-2609 (a)(5)) - No employee or entertainer shall wear or use any device or covering exposed to view which simulates the breast below the top of the areola, vulva or genitals, anus, buttocks, or any portion of the pubic region. (§ 5-2609 (a)(6)) - No employee or entertainer shall use artificial devices or inanimate objects to depict any of the prohibited activities described in this Section. (§ 5-2609 (a)(7)) - No entertainer of any adult entertainment premises shall be visible from any public place during the hours of his or her employment, or apparent hours of his or her employment, on the premises. (§ 5-2609 (a)(8)) - No entertainer shall solicit, demand or receive any payment or gratuity from any patron for any act prohibited by this chapter. (§ 5-2609 (a)(9)) - No entertainer shall demand or collect any payment or gratuity from any patron for entertainment before its completion. (§ 5-2609 (a)(10)) Premises Requirements: - Neither the performance nor any photograph, drawing, sketch or other pictorial or graphic representation thereof displaying any portion of the breasts below the top of the areola or any portion of the pubic hair, buttocks, genitals and/or anus may be visible outside of the adult entertainment premises. (§ 5-2609 (b)(1)) - Sufficient lighting shall be provided in and about the parts of the premises which are open to and used by the public so that all objects are plainly visible at all times. (§ 5-2609 (b)(2)) - No entertainment shall be provided in any areas from which any other person may be prevented from entering, whether by a locking door or in any other manner. (§ 5-2609 (b)(3)) - Good order must be maintained within a perimeter established by the licensing authority not to exceed five hundred (500) feet from the establishment, including but not limited to litter cleanup within the designated perimeter. (§ 5-2609 (b)(4)) - Each establishment shall provide private security during operating hours for the safety of the patrons of the establishment. (§ 5-2609 (b)(5)) - The use of pyrotechnics in a licensed establishment is prohibited. (§ 5-2609 (b)(6)) - Noise levels shall not exceed fifty (50) decibels at the closest part of any residential property that is adjacent to the facility between the hours of 10:00 P.M. and 7:00 A.M. (§ 5-2609 (b)(7)) - The dance license requirements in Division 14 of this Subtitle shall apply if an establishment allows public dancing. (§ 5-2609 (b)(8)) Obscenity Definition for Adult Entertainment (Prince George's County Code of Ordinances, Division 26. - Adult Entertainment Clubs): - An activity is "obscene" if: (1) Taken as a whole by an average person applying contemporary community standards the activity appeals to a prurient interest in sex; (2) The activity depicts patently offensive representations, as measured against community standards, of: (A) Ultimate sexual acts, normal or perverted, actual or simulated; or (B) Masturbation, fellatio, cunnilingus, bestiality, excretory function, or lewd exhibition of the genitals or genital areas; or violent or destructive sexual acts, including but not limited to human or animal mutilation, dismemberment, rape or torture; and (3) The activity taken as a whole lacks serious literary, artistic, political, or scientific value.

State-level laws specifically regulating 'sex toy stores' or 'adult retail businesses' as a distinct category are not readily apparent. Regulations appear to be primarily handled at the local (county/city) level, often falling under broader categories such as 'adult entertainment businesses' or 'adult bookstores/video stores.' These local regulations typically focus on zoning, licensing, and restricting minor access. Relevant State Law (Maryland Criminal Law Code): - Section 11-104.1 - Adult Sexual Displays -- Allowing Minors to Enter or Remain on Premises -- Bookstores and Entertainment Venues: - In Harford County and Cecil County, a person who operates a bookstore or entertainment venue in which an item or activity described in § 11-102 or § 11-103 of this subtitle is shown, displayed, or depicted and constitutes a majority of the items or activities offered for sale or rental by the bookstore or entertainment venue: - Shall require each individual upon entering the premises to display a driver’s license or an identification card that substantiates the individual’s age; and - May not knowingly allow a minor to remain on the premises. - A person who violates this section is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 6 months or a fine not exceeding $1,000 or both.

Maryland Criminal Law Code, Title 11 - Indecency and Obscenity: Subtitle 2 - Obscene Matter: - Section 11-202 - Obscene Matter - Prohibited Acts: - A person may not knowingly send or cause to be sent any obscene matter into the State for sale or distribution. - A person may not knowingly sell, distribute, or offer to sell or distribute any obscene matter. - A person may not knowingly possess with the intent to sell or distribute any obscene matter. - A person may not knowingly advertise or promote the sale or distribution of any obscene matter. - Section 11-203 - Sale or Distribution to Minors: - A person may not willfully or knowingly display or exhibit to a minor an item: (i) the cover or content of which is principally made up of an obscene sexual display; or (ii) which depicts a sexual act or sexual contact. - Section 11-206 - Obscene Matter - Requiring Acceptance: - A person may not knowingly require a purchaser or consignee to receive obscene matter as a condition to a sale, allocation, consignment, or delivery of any other matter. Subtitle 1 - Adult Sexual Displays and Related Crimes: - Section 11-102 - Adult Sexual Displays - Prohibited Acts: - Prohibits certain acts of public indecency, including knowingly engaging in a sexual act or sexual contact in a public place, or knowingly exposing one's genitals in a public place with the intent to arouse or gratify sexual desire. - Section 11-103 - Adult Sexual Displays - Exhibition to Minors: - Prohibits exhibiting to a minor certain adult sexual displays without the presence of the minor's parent or guardian. - Section 11-107 - Indecent Exposure: - A person may not commit the common law crime of indecent exposure. - Indecent exposure includes engaging in an act of masturbation in public, whether or not the person's genitalia are exposed. Definition of Obscenity (generally based on the Miller test): - While not explicitly detailed in every statute snippet, Maryland's obscenity laws generally align with the Supreme Court's Miller test, which defines obscene material as that which: 1. Appeals to a prurient interest in sex (applying contemporary community standards). 2. Depicts or describes sexual conduct in a patently offensive way (applying contemporary community standards). 3. Lacks serious literary, artistic, political, or scientific value. Penalties: - Violations of these sections are generally misdemeanors, with penalties varying but often including imprisonment (e.g., up to 6 months or 3 years for indecent exposure) and fines (e.g., up to $1,000).

Maryland does not have a single, comprehensive statewide zoning law for adult businesses. Instead, zoning restrictions and requirements for adult businesses are primarily regulated at the county and municipal levels. Local jurisdictions have the authority to enact their own ordinances to control the location, spacing, and operation of adult entertainment businesses, adult stores, and sexually oriented businesses. Common Zoning Restrictions Found in Maryland Local Ordinances: - Distance Requirements: Adult businesses are often prohibited from being located within a certain distance (e.g., 500 feet, 1,000 feet, 2,500 feet) of: - Residential zones or dwellings - Schools (public or private) - Churches or places of worship - Public parks, playgrounds, or recreational facilities - Libraries - Other adult businesses (to prevent concentrations or "red-light districts") - Permitted Zones: Adult businesses are typically restricted to specific zoning districts, such as commercial or industrial zones, and are often excluded from residential or mixed-use areas. - Operating Standards: Zoning ordinances may also include operational standards related to exterior appearance, signage, lighting, and visibility from public areas. Examples of Local Ordinances: - Baltimore County, MD (ARTICLE 4B - Adult Entertainment Businesses, Massage Establishments, and Tattoo and Body Piercing Establishments): Regulates the location of adult entertainment businesses, massage establishments, and tattoo/body-piercing establishments, often prohibiting them within a certain distance of other similar businesses or sensitive uses. - Prince George's County, MD (DIVISION 26. - Adult Entertainment Clubs; DIVISION 27. - Adult Book Stores and Adult Video Stores): Contains detailed regulations regarding the operation and location of adult entertainment clubs, adult bookstores, and adult video stores, including distance requirements from residential areas, schools, and churches. - Caroline County, MD (Chapter 72 - Adult-Oriented Businesses, Entertainment and Services): Defines and regulates adult-oriented businesses, including provisions for public nuisance if violations occur. - City of Hagerstown, MD (Schedule X - Adult Entertainment Business Standards): Specifies that adult entertainment businesses are permitted only in certain zoning districts (e.g., CG Zoning District) and outlines standards for operation. - Montgomery County, MD (Zoning Ordinance, Section 3.5.10. Recreation and Entertainment): Includes provisions for adult entertainment businesses, often with distance requirements from schools, libraries, parks, and residential zones.

Maryland does not have a single, statewide licensing requirement for all adult businesses. Instead, licensing for adult entertainment establishments, adult bookstores, adult video stores, and similar businesses is primarily regulated at the local (county and city) level. Businesses must comply with the specific licensing ordinances of the jurisdiction in which they operate. Common Licensing Requirements Found in Maryland Local Ordinances: - Application Process: Businesses typically need to submit an application to the relevant local authority (e.g., Board of Liquor License Commissioners, Department of Permits, Approvals, and Inspections, or County Clerk). - Background Checks: Owners, operators, and sometimes even entertainers may be subject to background checks. - Fees: Annual licensing fees are common. - Compliance with Regulations: Applicants must demonstrate compliance with all applicable zoning, health, safety, and operational regulations. - Manager/Entertainer Licenses: Some jurisdictions may require individual licenses for managers and entertainers working in adult entertainment establishments. Examples of Local Ordinances: - Baltimore County, MD (TITLE 2. - ADULT ENTERTAINMENT BUSINESSES): Requires a valid license issued by the Department to own or operate an adult entertainment business. Specifies annual fees and compliance requirements. - Prince George's County, MD (DIVISION 26. - ADULT ENTERTAINMENT CLUBS; DIVISION 27. - ADULT BOOK STORES AND ADULT VIDEO STORES): Mandates licenses for operating adult entertainment clubs, adult bookstores, and adult video stores. Includes provisions for license applications, posting, and display. - Baltimore City (Adult Entertainment Rules and Regulations for the Board of Liquor License Commissioners): Requires a license for adult entertainment businesses and outlines the application process and regulatory oversight by the Liquor Board. - City of Hagerstown, MD: Requires a license from the Department to operate an adult bookstore.

Maryland has recently enacted legislation and is considering further bills related to age verification and online content, particularly concerning minors. Age-Appropriate Design Code (Maryland AADC - HB 603): - Signed into law on May 9, 2024. - Applies to online products and services reasonably likely to be accessed by individuals under 18. - Focuses on protecting minors' data and limiting certain features, rather than explicitly mandating age verification for all adult content. - Prohibits selling the personal data of any Maryland resident that a business knows or should have known is under 18. Proposed/Considered Legislation for Online Adult Content (e.g., HB 394, HB 672): - House Bill 394 (HB0394): Introduced in 2025, this bill aims to establish liability for distributing obscene material to minors online and prohibits retaining identifying information from age verification. - House Bill 672 (HB 672): Introduced in 2024, this bill is also related to age verification for online pornographic content, similar to regulations in other states that require online distributors to verify the age of users. - While these bills indicate a legislative interest in mandating age verification for online adult content, as of the current date (August 16, 2025), it's crucial to verify if they have been fully enacted into law or are still in the proposal/consideration phase. Current Status (as of research): - There is no current statewide law in Maryland that explicitly requires ID upload for age verification to access online pornography, unlike some other states that have enacted such laws. - The focus of enacted legislation (AADC) is on data privacy and design for minors, while specific age verification for adult content websites is still largely in the legislative proposal stage.

Unique or Notable Laws: - Common Law Crimes: Maryland still recognizes certain common law crimes, such as indecent exposure, which are not explicitly defined by statute but are instead based on historical court decisions. This is becoming less common in many states, which have moved to codify all criminal offenses. - Local Control over Adult Businesses: The significant degree of local control over the regulation of adult businesses (zoning, licensing) is a notable feature of Maryland's legal landscape. This leads to a patchwork of regulations across different counties and cities, rather than a uniform statewide approach. - Age of Consent: Maryland law has specific provisions regarding the age of consent for sexual activity, with different age-based prohibitions and penalties. These laws are complex and can be a notable feature of the state's approach to sexual offenses. - Gender Identity Protections: Maryland has enacted laws that prohibit discrimination based on gender identity in areas such as employment and housing. These protections are notable in the broader context of LGBTQIA+ rights.

Recent Changes and Proposed Legislation: - Age-Appropriate Design Code (AADC - HB 603): Enacted in 2024, this law requires online platforms to consider the best interests of minors and to implement data protection measures for users under 18. While not directly a "sexuality" law, it has significant implications for how online platforms handle content and data for minors. - Changes to Rape Statutes (HB 496): Recent legislation has removed the requirement of "force or threat of force" from some sex offense statutes and has redefined consent. This is a significant change in how sexual assault cases are prosecuted in Maryland. - Proposed Age Verification for Online Adult Content (HB 394, HB 672): As mentioned previously, there are ongoing legislative efforts to require age verification for websites with adult content. These bills indicate a trend towards greater regulation of online pornography to protect minors. - Increased Penalties for Sexual Solicitation of a Minor (HB 963): Recent legislation has increased the penalties for sexual solicitation of a minor and has expanded the areas where such offenses are prohibited (e.g., within a certain distance of schools). - New Laws Impacting DUI Penalties and Sex Abuse Survivors (Effective June 1, 2025): While not solely focused on sexuality, new laws have come into effect that impact various aspects of the legal system, including those related to sex abuse survivors.

remaining_states_sexuality_laws_researchMaryland Code, Criminal Law, Title 11, Subtitle 3; Maryland Code, Criminal Law, Title 3, Subtitle 11; Maryland Code, Criminal Law, Section 3-603; Prince George's County Code of Ordinances, Division 26. - Adult Entertainment Clubs, Section 5-2609; Maryland Criminal Law Code, Section 11-104.1; Baltimore County Code, Zoning Regulations, Article 4B; Prince George's County Code of Ordinances, Division 26 and 27; Caroline County Code, Chapter 72; City of Hagerstown Zoning Ordinance, Schedule X; Montgomery County Zoning Ordinance, Section 3.5.10; Baltimore County Code, Article 21, Title 2; Baltimore City Adult Entertainment Rules and Regulations (issued by Board of Liquor License Commissioners); City of Hagerstown Code, Chapter 46; Maryland House Bill 603 (Age-Appropriate Design Code); Maryland House Bill 394 (Proposed Legislation); Maryland House Bill 672 (Proposed Legislation); Maryland House Bill 496 (Changes to Rape Statutes); Maryland House Bill 963 (Increased Penalties for Sexual Solicitation of a Minor); Maryland General Statutes, Section 20-101 (Gender Identity); Common Law of Maryland (for crimes like indecent exposure); Maryland Criminal Law Code, Section 11-203; Maryland Code, Courts and Judicial Proceedings, Section 23-506.1; Maryland Criminal Law Code, Section 3-809; Maryland Code, Courts and Judicial Proceedings, Section 3-8A-35; Maryland House Bill 5 (Proposed); Maryland House Bill 670 (Proposed); Maryland Online Data Privacy Act.     Maryland Code, Criminal Law, Title 11, Subtitle 3; Maryland Code, Criminal Law, Title 3, Subtitle 11; Maryland Code, Criminal Law, Section 3-603; Prince George's County Code of Ordinances, Division 26. - Adult Entertainment Clubs, Section 5-2609; Maryland Criminal Law Code, Section 11-104.1; Baltimore County Code, Zoning Regulations, Article 4B; Prince George's County Code of Ordinances, Division 26 and 27; Caroline County Code, Chapter 72; City of Hagerstown Zoning Ordinance, Schedule X; Montgomery County Zoning Ordinance, Section 3.5.10; Baltimore County Code, Article 21, Title 2; Baltimore City Adult Entertainment Rules and Regulations (issued by Board of Liquor License Commissioners); City of Hagerstown Code, Chapter 46; Maryland House Bill 603 (Age-Appropriate Design Code); Maryland House Bill 394 (Proposed Legislation); Maryland House Bill 672 (Proposed Legislation); Maryland House Bill 496 (Changes to Rape Statutes); Maryland House Bill 963 (Increased Penalties for Sexual Solicitation of a Minor); Maryland General Statutes, Section 20-101 (Gender Identity); Common Law of Maryland (for crimes like indecent exposure); Maryland Criminal Law Code, Section 11-203; Maryland Code, Courts and Judicial Proceedings, Section 23-506.1; Maryland Criminal Law Code, Section 3-809; Maryland Code, Courts and Judicial Proceedings, Section 3-8A-35; Maryland House Bill 5 (Proposed); Maryland House Bill 670 (Proposed); Maryland Online Data Privacy Act.Turn on screen reader supportTo enable screen reader support, press ⌘+Option+Z To learn about keyboard shortcuts, press ⌘slash

• Massachusetts General Laws Chapter 272 (Crimes Against Chastity, Morality, Decency and Good Order). (2024). Massachusetts Legislature. https://malegislature.gov/ • Sex Education Collaborative. (2024). Massachusetts state profile. https://sexeducationcollaborative.org/states/massachusetts • Massachusetts Department of Elementary and Secondary Education. (2024). Health curriculum frameworks. http://www.doe.mass.edu/

Massachusetts General Laws Chapter 272, Section 53A makes it a crime to engage in sex or a sexual act with any person in exchange for a fee, and to engage in sex or any sexual act with a minor in exchange for a fee. Both parties to the 'sex for a fee' transaction can be prosecuted. Penalties for engaging or agreeing to engage in sexual acts for a fee are a misdemeanor, punishable by imprisonment for up to 1 year, or a fine of up to $500, or both. Penalties for paying or agreeing to pay a fee for sexual acts are a misdemeanor, punishable by imprisonment for up to 2.5 years, or a fine of $1,000 to $5,000, or both. If the transaction involves a child under 18, it is a felony, punishable by imprisonment for up to 10 years in state prison, or up to 2.5 years in a house of correction, or a fine of $3,000 to $10,000, or both. (Source: https://www.neymanlaw.com/massachusetts-general-laws/massachusetts-g-l-c-272-53a-engaging-in-sexual-conduct-for-a-fee/) Massachusetts General Laws Chapter 272, Section 8 criminalizes soliciting or receiving compensation for soliciting for a prostitute, punishable by imprisonment for not more than 2 and one-half years, or by a fine of not less than $1,000 and not more than $5,000, or by both. (Source: https://malegislature.gov/laws/generallaws/partiv/titlei/chapter272/section8) Massachusetts General Laws Chapter 265, Section 50 makes it a crime to traffic persons for commercial sexual purposes or sexual servitude. Penalties include a minimum of 5 years and up to 20 years in prison, and a fine up to $25,000. If the victim is under 18, the penalty is a minimum of 5 years to life in state prison. Business entities can be fined up to $1 million. (Source: https://www.neymanlaw.com/massachusetts-general-laws/massachusetts-g-l-c-265-50-trafficking-of-persons-for-sexual-ser/)

Massachusetts General Laws Chapter 139, Section 4 states that any building, part of a building, tenement or place used for prostitution, assignation or lewdness, and every place within or upon which acts of prostitution, assignation or lewdness are held or occur, shall be deemed a nuisance. (Source: https://malegislature.gov/Laws/GeneralLaws/PartI/TitleXX/Chapter139/Section4) Related offenses to prostitution and solicitation include keeping a house of ill fame (brothel) under G.L. c. 272, Section 24. (Source: https://www.neymanlaw.com/massachusetts-general-laws/massachusetts-g-l-c-272-53a-engaging-in-sexual-conduct-for-a-fee/)     Massachusetts General Laws Chapter 139, Section 4 states that any building, part of a building, tenement or place used for prostitution, assignation or lewdness, and every place within or upon which acts of prostitution, assignation or lewdness are held or occur, shall be deemed a nuisance. (Source: https://malegislature.gov/Laws/GeneralLaws/PartI/TitleXX/Chapter139/Section4) Related offenses to prostitution and solicitation include keeping a house of ill fame (brothel) under G.L. c. 272, Section 24. (Source: https://www.neymanlaw.com/massachusetts-general-laws/massachusetts-g-l-c-272-53a-engaging-in-sexual-conduct-for-a-fee/)Turn on screen reader supportTo enable screen reader support, press ⌘+Option+Z To learn about keyboard shortcuts, press ⌘slash

Massachusetts General Laws Chapter 40A, Section 9A provides for special permits authorizing the establishment of adult bookstores, adult motion picture theaters, adult paraphernalia stores, adult video stores or establishments which display live nudity. (Source: https://malegislature.gov/Laws/GeneralLaws/PartI/TitleVII/Chapter40a/Section9a)     Massachusetts General Laws Chapter 40A, Section 9A provides for special permits authorizing the establishment of adult bookstores, adult motion picture theaters, adult paraphernalia stores, adult video stores or establishments which display live nudity. (Source: https://malegislature.gov/Laws/GeneralLaws/PartI/TitleVII/Chapter40a/Section9a)Turn on screen reader support

Massachusetts General Laws Chapter 272, Section 28 concerns possession or dissemination of matter harmful to minors. (Source: https://www.mass.gov/info-details/massachusetts-law-about-obscenity-and-pornography) Massachusetts General Laws Chapter 272, Section 28C concerns obscene books. (Source: https://www.mass.gov/info-details/massachusetts-law-about-obscenity-and-pornography) Massachusetts General Laws Chapter 272, Section 29 concerns possession or dissemination of obscene matter. (Source: https://www.mass.gov/info-details/massachusetts-law-about-obscenity-and-pornography) Massachusetts General Laws Chapter 272, Section 29A concerns posing a child in a state of nudity. (Source: https://www.mass.gov/info-details/massachusetts-law-about-obscenity-and-pornography) Massachusetts General Laws Chapter 272, Section 29B concerns dissemination of child pornography. (Source: https://www.mass.gov/info-details/massachusetts-law-about-obscenity-and-pornography) Massachusetts General Laws Chapter 272, Section 29C concerns possession of child pornography. (Source: https://www.mass.gov/info-details/massachusetts-law-about-obscenity-and-pornography) Massachusetts General Laws Chapter 272, Section 29D concerns dissemination or possession of non-consensual explicit visual material by a minor. (Source: https://www.mass.gov/info-details/massachusetts-law-about-obscenity-and-pornography) Massachusetts General Laws Chapter 272, Section 31 provides definitions of terms used in obscenity laws. (Source: https://www.mass.gov/info-details/massachusetts-law-about-obscenity-and-pornography) Massachusetts General Laws Chapter 272, Section 105 concerns photographing, videotaping or electronically surveilling partially nude or nude persons. (Source: https://www.mass.gov/info-details/massachusetts-law-about-obscenity-and-pornography)

Massachusetts General Laws Chapter 40A, Section 9A allows zoning ordinances or by-laws to provide for special permits for adult bookstores, adult motion picture theaters, adult paraphernalia stores, adult video stores, or establishments displaying live nudity. Such ordinances may require specific distances from residential areas or other adult businesses. (Source: https://malegislature.gov/Laws/GeneralLaws/PartI/TitleVII/Chapter40a/Section9a)     Massachusetts General Laws Chapter 40A, Section 9A allows zoning ordinances or by-laws to provide for special permits for adult bookstores, adult motion picture theaters, adult paraphernalia stores, adult video stores, or establishments displaying live nudity. Such ordinances may require specific distances from residential areas or other adult businesses. (Source: https://malegislature.gov/Laws/GeneralLaws/PartI/TitleVII/Chapter40a/Section9a)Turn on screen reader supportTo enable screen reader support, press ⌘+Option+Z To learn about keyboard shortcuts, press ⌘slash

Massachusetts General Laws Chapter 40A, Section 9A implies that special permits are required for adult businesses, and these permits are issued following public hearings. The special permit granting authority adopts rules for the issuance of such permits. (Source:

There is no requirement to upload ID for age verification to access online pornography in Massachusetts. There is no requirement to upload ID for age verification to access online pornography in Massachusetts.

The concept of a 'brothel law' prohibiting more than a certain number of unrelated females from living together is a hoax in Massachusetts. (Source: https://www.mass.gov/news/the-brothel-myth)

remaining_states_sexuality_laws_researchMassachusetts General Laws Chapter 272, Section 29D, concerning dissemination or possession of non-consensual explicit visual material by a minor, became effective on September 18, 2024. General Laws Chapter 272, Section 29D, concerning dissemination or possession of non-consensual explicit visual material by a minor, became effective on September 18, 2024.

Massachusetts General Laws Chapter 272, Section 53A Massachusetts General Laws Chapter 272, Section 8 Massachusetts General Laws Chapter 265, Section 50 Massachusetts General Laws Chapter 139, Section 4 Massachusetts General Laws Chapter 40A, Section 9A Massachusetts General Laws Chapter 272, Section 28 Massachusetts General Laws Chapter 272, Section 28C Massachusetts General Laws Chapter 272, Section 29 Massachusetts General Laws Chapter 272, Section 29A Massachusetts General Laws Chapter 272, Section 29B Massachusetts General Laws Chapter 272, Section 29C Massachusetts General Laws Chapter 272, Section 29D Massachusetts General Laws Chapter 272, Section 31 Massachusetts General Laws Chapter 272, Section 105 Sources: - https://www.neymanlaw.com/massachusetts-general-laws/massachusetts-g-l-c-272-53a-engaging-in-sexual-conduct-for-a-fee/ - https://malegislature.gov/laws/generallaws/partiv/titlei/chapter272/section8 - https://www.neymanlaw.com/massachusetts-general-laws/massachusetts-g-l-c-265-50-trafficking-of-persons-for-sexual-ser/ - https://malegislature.gov/Laws/GeneralLaws/PartI/TitleXX/Chapter139/Section4 - https://malegislature.gov/Laws/GeneralLaws/PartI/TitleVII/Chapter40a/Section9a - https://www.mass.gov/info-details/massachusetts-law-about-obscenity-and-pornography - https://kindbridge.com/online-pornography-age-verification-laws-by-state-map/ - https://www.mass.gov/news/the-brothel-myth

• Michigan Compiled Laws Chapter 750 (Michigan Penal Code). (2024). Michigan Legislature. http://www.legislature.mi.gov/ • Sex Education Collaborative. (2024). Michigan state profile. https://sexeducationcollaborative.org/states/michigan • Michigan Department of Education. (2024). Health education standards. https://www.michigan.gov/mde

Prostitution is illegal in Michigan. Laws cover those acting as prostitutes, patrons, pimps, panderers, and traffickers. First offense for soliciting prostitution is a misdemeanor, punishable by up to 93 days in jail and/or a $500 fine (MCL 750.449a, MCL 750.448). Transporting a female for prostitution is a felony under MCL 750.459. Aiding or abetting a prostitute falls under MCL 750.450. Engaging a minor in prostitution carries a penalty of up to five years in prison and fines of up to $10,000 (MCL 750.145c).

Keeping, maintaining, or operating a house of ill-fame or for the purpose of prostitution or lewdness is a felony under MCL 750.452. Adult entertainment establishments are regulated at the local level, often requiring licenses and adhering to specific operational guidelines.

There is no general prohibition on selling adult toys in Michigan. However, 'sexually oriented businesses' (which can include adult bookstores, video stores, and novelty stores) are subject to local regulations. These regulations can include restrictions on the percentage of total sales from 'devices designed for sexual stimulation' (e.g., less than 20%), display restrictions (e.g., no sexually explicit materials visible from the exterior), and hours of operation (e.g., not open between 12:00 midnight and 6:00 a.m.).

Obscenity is a misdemeanor in Michigan, punishable by imprisonment for not more than 1 year, or by a fine of not more than $100,000.00, or both (MCL 752.365). Michigan utilizes the Miller Test to determine obscenity. Indecent exposure is generally a misdemeanor offense (MCL 750.335a), with aggravated public indecency carrying more severe penalties. Gross indecency is also prohibited (MCL 750.338b).

Zoning laws for adult businesses are primarily regulated at the local level. These ordinances often include distance requirements from residential areas, churches, schools, and other sensitive locations (e.g., 1,500 feet or 300 feet). Some townships may not list adult entertainment uses as permitted principal uses or permitted uses after special approval.

Adult businesses in Michigan often require licenses and permits at the state, city, and/or county level. Specific requirements vary by locality. For example, some cities require a license to operate an adult business, and applicants must be at least 21 years of age. Adult entertainment establishments may also require specific permits, such as a 'topless activity permit' under the Michigan liquor control code of 1998 (MCL 752.1032).

Michigan has proposed legislation (Senate Bill 191 of 2025, House Bill 4429) to require age verification for adult content on digital platforms, particularly for websites publishing adult content to protect minors. The 'Material Harmful to Minors Regulation Act' (SB0191) aims to block access to known mature content if age verification indicates the user is not 18 years of age or older. As of current information, there is no state-wide requirement to upload ID for age verification to access online pornography in Michigan, but legislative efforts are ongoing.

Michigan has a 'Romeo and Juliet' law that provides legal protection in cases where a person has consensual sexual contact with a minor, provided certain age differences and conditions are met. The state also has laws against the dissemination of sexually explicit visual material with intent to threaten, coerce, or intimidate (MCL 750.145e). Historically, Michigan had archaic laws regarding 'seduction and debauchery' of unmarried women, though these are largely unenforced. Michigan has expanded LGBTQ+ protections in its Civil Rights Law (Elliott-Larsen Civil Rights Act) to include sexual orientation and gender identity/expression (Senate Bill 4 of 2023, Public Act 6 of 2023).

Recent legislative changes and proposed bills include: - Bills to modify references to 'prostitute' and 'prostitution' in the Michigan penal code (House Bill 5841 of 2024, House Bill 5846 of 2023-2024) to use more applicable language and offer protections to human trafficking victims. - Senate Bill 191 of 2025 and House Bill 4429 ('Digital Age Assurance Act') propose age verification requirements for digital platforms with adult content to protect minors. - Legislation to criminalize the sharing and creating of 'deepfake' pornography depicting real people has passed the Michigan Senate. - Michigan has expanded LGBTQ+ protections in its Civil Rights Law (Senate Bill 4 of 2023, Public Act 6 of 2023) and passed legislation to protect LGBTQ+ youth by prohibiting conversion therapy for minors (House Bills 4616 and 4617).

MCL 750.449a, MCL 750.448, MCL 750.459, MCL 750.450, MCL 750.462, MCL 750.145c (Prostitution and Sex Work Laws); MCL 750.452 (Brothel Laws); MCL 125.2831 (Sexually Oriented Business Definition); MCL 752.365, MCL 750.335a, MCL 750.338b (Obscenity and Public Decency Laws); MCL 752.1032 (Adult Entertainment Licensing); MCL 750.145e (Dissemination of Sexually Explicit Visual Material); Senate Bill 191 of 2025, House Bill 4429 (Age Verification); Senate Bill 4 of 2023 (Public Act 6 of 2023), House Bills 4616 and 4617 (LGBTQ+ Protections); House Bill 5841 of 2024, House Bill 5846 of 2023-2024 (Prostitution Terminology Changes).

• Minnesota Statutes Chapter 609 (Criminal Code). (2024). Minnesota Legislature. https://www.revisor.mn.gov/ • Sex Education Collaborative. (2024). Minnesota state profile. https://sexeducationcollaborative.org/states/minnesota • Minnesota Department of Education. (2024). Health education standards. https://education.mn.gov/

Minnesota Statutes § 609.321 defines 'prostitution' as hiring, offering to hire, or agreeing to hire another individual to engage in sexual penetration or sexual contact, or being hired, offering to be hired, or agreeing to be hired by another individual to engage in sexual penetration or sexual contact. Minnesota Statutes § 609.324 outlines penalties for engaging in prostitution, hiring minors for prostitution, and patrons of prostitution. Penalties vary based on the age of the individual involved and prior convictions, ranging from gross misdemeanors to felonies with significant imprisonment and fines. For example, engaging in prostitution with an individual under 14 years can result in up to 20 years imprisonment and/or a $40,000 fine. Patrons engaging with individuals 18 or older face gross misdemeanor charges with a minimum fine of $1,500, escalating to a felony for repeat offenses. Prostitution is illegal in Minnesota.

Minnesota Statutes § 609.321 defines 'place of prostitution' as a house or other place where prostitution is practiced. 'Business of prostitution' is defined as any arrangement between two or more persons, acting other than as prostitutes or patrons, who commit acts punishable under sections 609.321 to 609.324. Operating a brothel would fall under promoting prostitution, which is illegal under Minnesota law. Minnesota Statutes § 617.242 addresses 'Adult Entertainment Establishments' and their regulation, but does not legalize brothels. Brothels are illegal in Minnesota.

Meeker County, MN, Land Development Ordinance, Sec. 23.02.12 defines an 'Adult novelty business' as 'A business which has as a principal activity the sale of devices which simulate human genitals or devices which are designed for sexual stimulation.' While specific state-level statutes directly regulating sex toy sales were not found, local ordinances often govern these businesses. Minnesota Rules Part 9810.2501, while primarily for cannabis retail, indicates that businesses open only to adults (21+) must have conspicuous signage stating 'No persons under 21 allowed' and verify age. This suggests a general approach to age-restricted retail that could extend to adult retail.

Minnesota Statutes § 617.241 defines 'obscene' as material that, taken as a whole, appeals to the prurient interest in sex, depicts sexual conduct in a patently offensive manner, and lacks serious literary, artistic, political, or scientific value. 'Sexual conduct' is specifically defined to include various acts. Distribution or exhibition of obscene material or performance is a gross misdemeanor for a first offense, with subsequent violations being felonies. Minnesota Statutes § 617.23 addresses 'Indecent Exposure,' making it a misdemeanor to willfully and lewdly expose one's body or private parts in a public place, or to procure another to do so, or engage in open or gross lewdness. Penalties increase for exposure in the presence of minors or repeat offenses.

Minnesota Statutes § 617.242, Subdivision 3, states that if an adult entertainment establishment is located within 50 miles of a statutory or home rule charter city or town, the governing body is not required to provide by zoning for a location within city/town limits. Subdivision 4 outlines proximity restrictions: an adult entertainment establishment may not operate in the same building as, or within 1,500 feet from, another adult entertainment establishment; within 500 feet of residential property; or within 2,800 feet of a public/private elementary/secondary school or place of worship. Local ordinances, such as those found in Columbia Heights (§ 5.610) and Two Harbors (SEC. 4.50), also impose zoning restrictions, often requiring special permits and setting distance requirements from sensitive areas.

Minnesota Statutes § 617.242, Subdivision 2, requires written notice to the local government unit at least 60 days before operating an adult entertainment establishment if it's a new location. Subdivision 6 restricts ownership or management by persons convicted of certain crimes (e.g., prostitution, criminal sexual conduct) for three years after discharge of sentence. Many municipalities in Minnesota have their own licensing requirements for adult businesses, as indicated by search results for Burnsville, Forest Lake, Richfield, and Todd County. These often involve annual licenses, approvals from city councils and police departments, and background checks.

As of August 2025, Minnesota does not have an enacted state law requiring age verification for all digital platforms with sexual content. However, Senate File 2105 (SF 2105), introduced in the 94th Legislature (2025-2026), proposes requiring commercial entities that share or distribute 'material harmful to minors' on websites (where such material constitutes 25% or more of viewed pages) to verify that users are 18 years of age or older. This bill specifies age verification through commercially available databases or other approved methods and includes data privacy provisions and civil penalties for violations. This bill is currently in the legislative process and has been referred to the Commerce and Consumer Protection committee.

Minnesota's Human Rights Act was the first state-level anti-discrimination law in the nation to expressly ban discrimination against transgender people (1993). Recent legislative changes (effective August 1, 2025) include expanded background checks for adult business license applications, allowing national criminal background checks.

Senate File 2105 (SF 2105) was introduced in the 94th Legislature (2025-2026) to require age verification for websites with material harmful to minors. This bill was introduced on March 4, 2025, and referred to the Commerce and Consumer Protection committee. Additionally, new laws effective August 1, 2025, include provisions for expanded background checks for adult business license applications, allowing national criminal background checks.

Minnesota Statutes § 609.321 (Prostitution and Sex Trafficking; Definitions), Minnesota Statutes § 609.324 (Patrons; Prostitutes; Housing Individuals Engaged in Prostitution; Penalties), Minnesota Statutes § 617.241 (Obscene Materials and Performances; Distribution and Exhibition Prohibited; Penalty), Minnesota Statutes § 617.23 (Indecent Exposure; Penalties), Minnesota Statutes § 617.242 (Adult Entertainment Establishments). Local ordinances and proposed bills also cited: Meeker County, MN, Land Development Ordinance, Sec. 23.02.12; Columbia Heights, MN, Code of Ordinances, § 5.610; Two Harbors, MN, Code of Ordinances, SEC. 4.50; Minnesota Rules Part 9810.2501; Minnesota Senate File 2105 (SF 2105).

• Mississippi Code Title 97 (Crimes). (2024). Mississippi Legislature. http://billstatus.ls.state.ms.us/ • Sex Education Collaborative. (2024). Mississippi state profile. https://sexeducationcollaborative.org/states/mississippi • Mississippi Department of Education. (2024). Health education curriculum frameworks. https://www.mdek12.org/

Mississippi law prohibits prostitution (MS Code § 97-29-49) and procuring/promoting prostitution (MS Code § 97-29-51). Prostitution is a misdemeanor, punishable by a fine not exceeding $200 or up to 6 months in county jail, or both. Procuring services of a prostitute is also a misdemeanor with similar penalties, but a second offense is a felony. Promoting prostitution is a felony with higher fines and imprisonment. If the person involved is a minor, penalties are significantly increased. Trafficked persons are immune from prosecution for prostitution and promoting prostitution.

Mississippi law does not explicitly regulate or legalize brothels; operating or patronizing a brothel falls under existing prostitution and promoting prostitution statutes, making them illegal. Adult entertainment businesses and sexually oriented businesses are regulated at the municipal and county levels through local ordinances. These ordinances cover licensing, zoning, operating hours, and alcohol sales. Examples include ordinances from Southaven, Bay St. Louis, Gulfport, Horn Lake, Warren County, Neshoba County, and Tupelo.

Mississippi has a law banning the sale of devices designed to stimulate human genitals, which has been upheld by the Mississippi Supreme Court, making the sale of sex toys generally illegal. Adult retail businesses (sexually oriented media stores/adult bookstores) are primarily regulated by local ordinances, covering licensing, zoning, content restrictions, operating hours, and advertising. Specific regulations vary by locality, with examples in Biloxi and Byram.

Mississippi defines obscene material or performance (MS Code § 97-29-103) based on appealing to prurient interest, lacking serious value, and depicting sexual conduct in a patently offensive way. Sexual conduct includes various acts of intercourse, masturbation, excretory functions, bestiality, and sadomasochistic acts. Other related laws include obscene electronic and telecommunications (MS Code § 97-29-45), public display of sexually oriented material (MS Code § 97-5-29), dissemination to minors (MS Code § 97-5-27), and indecent exposure (MS Code § 97-29-31).

Zoning for adult businesses is predominantly regulated at the local (county and municipal) level. Ordinances restrict proximity to sensitive areas (residential, schools, churches, parks) and may designate specific commercial/industrial zones. Examples include Vicksburg, Hinds County, D'Iberville, Horn Lake, and Lamar County ordinances.

Licensing for adult businesses is primarily managed by local authorities. Requirements vary but commonly include permit applications, fees (e.g., $1,000 annual fee in Horn Lake), background checks for owners/employees, compliance with zoning, and adherence to operational standards. Examples include Southaven, Warren County, and Neshoba County ordinances.

Mississippi has a recent law (as of August 2025) requiring age verification and parental consent for minors to use social media platforms (e.g., Facebook, Instagram, X). This sets a precedent for age verification on digital platforms. Additionally, Mississippi Senate Bill 2346 (SB 2346) makes commercial websites with more than one-third pornographic content liable for damages.

A notable law is the ban on sex toy sales, upheld by the Mississippi Supreme Court. The recent social media age verification and parental consent law for minors is also significant.

Recent changes include the social media age verification and parental consent law (effective August 2025), amendments to prostitution and promoting prostitution laws (2013, 2019, 2022), and Senate Bill 2346 (SB 2346) concerning liability for pornographic websites.

MS Code § 97-29-49 (2024), MS Code § 97-29-51 (2024), MS Code § 97-29-103 (2024), MS Code § 97-29-45, MS Code § 97-5-29, MS Code § 97-5-27, MS Code § 97-29-31. Local ordinances from Southaven, Bay St. Louis, Gulfport, Horn Lake, Vicksburg, Hinds County, D'Iberville, Lamar County, Warren County, Neshoba County, and Tupelo. News articles from WLBT, GWCommonwealth.com, Mississippi Free Press, NPR, CNN, NYT, ABC News, Economic Times, Cato Institute, KCCI, SCOTUSblog, AP News, NBC News (August 2025) for social media law. AVPA Association for SB 2346.

• Missouri Revised Statutes Chapter 567 (Prostitution). (2024). Missouri General Assembly. http://www.moga.mo.gov/ • Sex Education Collaborative. (2024). Missouri state profile. https://sexeducationcollaborative.org/states/missouri • Missouri Department of Elementary and Secondary Education. (2024). Health education grade-level expectations. https://dese.mo.gov/

Prostitution, solicitation, pimping, and promoting prostitution are illegal in Missouri. All aspects of the sex trade—whether selling sex, buying sex, promoting it, or profiting from it—are completely illegal. Penalties range from Class B misdemeanor (e.g., performing an act of prostitution, patronizing an adult prostitute) to Class B felony (e.g., performing an act of prostitution with knowledge of HIV infection, promoting prostitution in the first degree). Promoting prostitution in the second degree and promoting sex tourism are Class C felonies. Patronizing a prostitute who is 14 or younger, and promoting prostitution in the third degree are Class D felonies. Patronizing a prostitute who is 15 to 17 years old is a Class A misdemeanor. Additional penalties for promoting travel for prostitution include revocation of articles of incorporation and freezing of bank accounts.

Brothels are illegal in Missouri, falling under the broader category of 'promoting prostitution.' Promoting prostitution by knowingly owning or managing property for people to use in prostitution-related activity is a crime. Adult entertainment establishments are subject to local regulations, which may include zoning restrictions, age restrictions (e.g., 18 or older), and regulations on exterior observation. Missouri Senate Bill 32 mentions it being a Class A misdemeanor for a person to knowingly and intentionally appear in a state of nudity or depict, simulate, or perform specified sexual acts.

Missouri state law does not have specific statutes solely governing 'sex toy stores.' These businesses typically fall under 'sexually oriented businesses' or 'adult businesses,' primarily regulated at the local level. Regulations often include age restrictions (e.g., prohibiting persons under 18 or 21 from entering), zoning restrictions (e.g., distance from schools/churches), operating hours restrictions, and specific licensing requirements. Some local ordinances define 'sex toy' and 'sexually oriented business.’

Missouri has laws against obscenity and public indecency, primarily in Chapter 573 of the Revised Statutes. Promoting obscenity can be a Class E felony (first degree) or Class A misdemeanor (second degree). Providing explicit sexual material to a minor is a Class A misdemeanor. Obscene or indecent commercial messaging is also prohibited. Obscenity is judged by its impact on ordinary adults. Public indecency, termed 'sexual misconduct,' prohibits exposing genitals in public to alarm (Class B misdemeanor). Nudity/seminudity is prohibited in sexually oriented businesses for those under 21.

Zoning regulations for adult businesses are primarily local, but RSMo Section 573.531 states that no sexually oriented business shall be established within 1000 feet of any preexisting primary or secondary school, house of worship, state-licensed day care center, or public park. Local ordinances often specify permitted commercial/industrial zoning districts, establish additional buffer zones, and may limit concentration or operating hours. A valid zoning clearance is often required for licensing.

Licensing for adult businesses is predominantly at the local level. Businesses generally need a specific business license from the municipality or county. Many local ordinances require separate permits for managers, servers, and entertainers within adult entertainment establishments. Applicants must provide detailed information, and background checks may be required. Zoning clearance is often a prerequisite, and licenses typically require annual renewal.

Missouri has implemented and is pursuing age verification requirements for digital platforms, specifically commercial pornographic websites. The Attorney General enacted a rule requiring age verification for commercial pornographic websites (April 2025). A recent Supreme Court ruling (June 2025) supports states enforcing age verification on porn sites. Legislative efforts also advocate for age verification on online pornography platforms and restricting minors' access to explicit material on public access computers in schools and libraries. Providing explicit sexual material to a minor is a Class A misdemeanor.

Missouri's age of consent is 17, with stricter laws for those 13 and younger, and for 14-16 year olds with significantly older partners. The 'brothel law' misconception (four or more unrelated females in a dwelling being a brothel) is not a current, actively enforced statute for general living arrangements. Providing explicit sexual material to students is a Class A misdemeanor. Same-sex marriage is legal. Sexual orientation is not explicitly protected under the Missouri Human Rights Act.

Recent changes and proposed legislation include: the Attorney General's rule on age verification for commercial pornographic websites (April 2025); legislative efforts for stricter age verification on adult websites and dating services (e.g., SB276, bills in March 2024); bills related to transgender rights/healthcare (e.g., SB 49 prohibiting gender transition surgeries on minors, restrictions on gender marker changes on IDs, and pronoun usage in schools); and modifications to statutes regarding child sexual abuse material (e.g., SB79).

Missouri Revised Statutes Chapter 567 (prostitution, brothels), Chapter 573 (obscenity, pornography, age verification), Section 566.067 (minor consent), Section 573.531 (zoning for sexually oriented businesses), Section 67.2552 (nudity/seminudity in sexually oriented businesses). Local ordinances from various cities/counties (e.g., St. Louis County, Kansas City, Bridgeton, Creve Coeur, Ferguson, Holts Summit, Camdenton, Hillsboro, Riverside, Grandview, Jefferson County, Fayette, St. Charles County, Webster Groves). Missouri Senate Bill 32, Senate Bill 49, Senate Bill 79, Senate Bill 276, Senate Bill 300, House Bill 1551I, House Bill 483 (proposed/recent legislation). Missouri Attorney General's new rule on age verification (specific citation to be confirmed upon official publication).

• Montana Code Annotated Title 45 (Crimes). (2024). Montana Legislature. http://leg.mt.gov/ • Sex Education Collaborative. (2024). Montana state profile. https://sexeducationcollaborative.org/states/montana • Montana Office of Public Instruction. (2024). Health enhancement standards. http://opi.mt.gov/

Prostitution is illegal in Montana. Montana prostitution laws prohibit engaging in, agreeing to engage in, or offering to engage in the act of sexual intercourse in exchange for anything of value. Both buying and selling sexual acts are illegal. Specific statutes include 45-5-601 (Prostitution), 45-5-602 (Promoting prostitution), 45-5-603 (Aggravated promotion of prostitution), and 45-5-604 (Evidence in cases of promotion). Penalties for a prostitute convicted of prostitution include a fine not exceeding $500 or imprisonment in county jail for up to 6 months, or both. For a prostitute's client, the first offense is a fine not exceeding $1,000 or imprisonment for up to 1 year, or both. A second or subsequent offense for a client is a fine not exceeding $10,000 or imprisonment for up to 5 years, or both. Promoting prostitution carries a fine not exceeding $50,000 or imprisonment in state prison for up to 10 years, or both. Aggravated promotion of prostitution can result in life imprisonment or imprisonment for up to 20 years or a fine not exceeding $50,000, or both. If the victim is a child under 18, the penalty is life imprisonment or imprisonment for not less than 4 years or more than 100 years or a fine not exceeding $100,000, or both.

Brothels are illegal in Montana. Sexually oriented businesses are regulated under Montana Code § 45-8-118, which restricts persons under 18 years of age from entering the premises of a sexually oriented business during a sexually oriented performance. Violations by owners, operators, managers, or employees carry fines from $1,000 to $5,000 for the first offense, $2,500 to $5,000 for the second, and $10,000 for third and subsequent offenses, with potential revocation of the business license.

Adult retail businesses, including adult bookstores and adult video stores, are defined as commercial establishments that, as one of their principal business purposes, offer for sale or rent materials depicting specified anatomical areas or specified sexual activities, or instruments designed for use in connection with specified sexual activities. A principal business purpose exists if such materials generate 10% or more of the business's income, account for 10% or more of inventory, or occupy 10% or more of total floor space. These businesses are subject to the Sexually Oriented Business Regulation Act (SB0399, 2001).

Montana's obscenity laws are defined under 45-8-201 MCA. A person commits obscenity if, with knowledge of the obscene nature of the material, they purposely or knowingly sell, deliver, provide, present, direct, publish, exhibit, perform, create, buy, procure, possess, advertise, or promote obscene material or performances to anyone under 18 years of age. A thing is obscene if it depicts perverted or patently offensive normal ultimate sexual acts, masturbation, excretory functions, or lewd exhibition of genitals, and taken as a whole, applying contemporary community standards, appeals to the prurient interest, portrays conduct in a patently offensive way, and lacks serious literary, artistic, political, or scientific value. Penalties include a fine of at least $500 but not more than $1,000 or imprisonment in county jail for up to 6 months, or both. Cities, towns, counties, or school districts may adopt more restrictive ordinances.

Zoning laws for adult businesses are typically regulated at the local level in Montana. For example, the City of Laurel's Chapter 5.60 regulates sexually oriented businesses to promote health, safety, morals, and general welfare. The City of Belgrade requires a conditional use permit for adult-oriented businesses. The City of Billings and Missoula also have specific zoning regulations for adult entertainment and sexually oriented businesses, often including separation requirements from residential areas, schools, and churches.

The Sexually Oriented Business Regulation Act (SB0399, 2001) requires a valid sexually oriented business operator's license and employee licenses. The annual fee for an operator's license is $1,000, and for an employee license is $100. Licenses expire 1 year from issuance and can be renewed. The Department of Public Health and Human Services approves or denies licenses within 60 days, with denial possible for failure to provide information, being under 18, prior license denial/revocation within 12 months, or conviction of specified criminal activity.

Montana has age verification requirements for digital platforms with adult content. Senate Bill (SB) 544 (2023) revises internet laws related to material harmful to minors, requiring commercial entities that publish or distribute such material to perform reasonable age verification methods. These methods include providing a digitized identification card or using a commercial age verification system that verifies age via government-issued identification or commercially reasonable methods relying on public or private transactional data. Identifying information of the individual may not be retained after access is granted. This law became effective January 1, 2024.

Montana has recently enacted laws related to internet content and minors, including SB 544 regarding age verification for material harmful to minors. There have also been discussions and bills related to defining 'sex' and indecent exposure, some of which have faced legal challenges or public debate. For instance, HB 446 (2025) redefines indecent exposure in public places.

Recent legislative changes include Senate Bill (SB) 544 (2023), effective January 1, 2024, which mandates age verification for digital platforms distributing material harmful to minors. House Bill 514 (2025) criminalizes the use of real and digitally fabricated sexually explicit images. House Bill 752 (2025) prohibits content providers from allowing access to child sexual abuse material (CSAM), with most provisions effective October 1, 2025. There have also been legislative efforts and court cases regarding the definition of sex and gender identity, such as SB 458 (2023) and court challenges to laws restricting sex designation changes on birth certificates.

Montana Code Annotated (MCA) 45-5-601, 45-5-602, 45-5-603, 45-5-604 (Prostitution and Promoting Prostitution); MCA 45-8-118 (Restrictions on sexually oriented businesses); MCA 45-8-201 (Obscenity); Senate Bill (SB) 399 (2001) (Sexually Oriented Business Regulation Act); Senate Bill (SB) 544 (2023) (Internet laws related to material harmful to minors, age verification); House Bill (HB) 514 (2025) (Digitally fabricated sexually explicit images); House Bill (HB) 752 (2025) (Child sexual abuse material). Local ordinances also apply for zoning and some licensing, such as those in Laurel, Belgrade, and Billings.

• Nebraska Revised Statutes Chapter 28 (Crimes and Punishments). (2024). Nebraska Legislature. https://nebraskalegislature.gov/ • Sex Education Collaborative. (2024). Nebraska state profile. https://sexeducationcollaborative.org/states/nebraska • Nebraska Department of Education. (2024). Health education standards. https://www.education.ne.gov/

In Nebraska, prostitution is illegal. Any person who performs, offers, or agrees to perform any act of sexual contact or sexual penetration with any person not their spouse, in exchange for money or other thing of value, commits prostitution. Penalties vary based on prior convictions: a first or second conviction is a Class II misdemeanor, while two or more prior convictions result in a Class I misdemeanor. Probation for either offense includes a mandatory mental health and substance abuse assessment. An affirmative defense to prosecution is being a trafficking victim. Law enforcement officers are required to grant immunity from prosecution to trafficking victims and individuals under 18 years of age found to be engaging in prostitution, and must report minors to the Department of Health and Human Services. (Nebraska Revised Statute 28-801) Solicitation of prostitution is also illegal. Any person who solicits another person not their spouse to perform any act of sexual contact or sexual penetration in exchange for money or other thing of value commits solicitation of prostitution. A first conviction is a Class I misdemeanor with a minimum fine of $250, unless the solicited person is under 18, in which case it's a Class IV felony. Subsequent convictions are Class IV felonies with a minimum fine of $500. Probation for solicitation includes a mental health and substance abuse assessment and an educational program on the effects of prostitution. An affirmative defense is being a trafficking victim. (Nebraska Revised Statute 28-801.01) Pandering is a Class II felony in Nebraska. A person commits pandering if they entice another person to become a prostitute, procure or harbor an inmate for a house of prostitution, inveigle, entice, persuade, encourage, or procure any person to come into or leave the state for the purpose of prostitution or debauchery, or receive or give money or other value for procuring or attempting to procure any person to become a prostitute or commit an act of prostitution. (Nebraska Revised Statute 28-802)

Keeping a place of prostitution is a Class IV felony in Nebraska, unless any person using such place for the practice of prostitution is under the age of eighteen years, in which case it is a Class III felony. (Nebraska Revised Statutes § 28-804) Adult entertainment establishments are regulated at the local level. For example, Sarpy County has specific zoning regulations for 'Sexually Oriented Businesses,' which include adult cabarets and adult theaters. These regulations define such establishments as those featuring persons in a state of nudity or semi-nudity, or live performances characterized by the exposure of 'specified anatomical areas' or 'specified sexual activities.' (Sarpy County Zoning Regulations, Section 45)

Sex shops are defined in Sarpy County zoning regulations as establishments offering goods for sale or rent where more than 5% of its stock in trade consists of sexually oriented toys, or more than 5% of its gross public floor area is devoted to the display of sexually oriented toys. They are subject to the same 'Sexually Oriented Business' regulations as other adult businesses, including special use permit requirements and location restrictions. (Sarpy County Zoning Regulations, Section 45)

It is unlawful in Nebraska to knowingly print, copy, manufacture, produce, publish, circulate, sell, rent, lend, transport, distribute, or exhibit any obscene material. It is also unlawful to have obscene material with intent to sell, rent, lend, transport, or distribute, or to promote any obscene material or performance. Promoting obscene material includes disseminating for monetary consideration, producing, presenting, or directing obscene performances for monetary consideration, or participating for monetary consideration in the obscene part of a performance. Violation is a Class I misdemeanor. (Nebraska Revised Statute 28-813) Public indecency is committed by a person eighteen years of age or over who performs or procures, or assists any other person to perform, in a public place or in any place open to the public, any act of sexual intercourse, sodomy, or masturbation, or who appears in a state of nudity. (Nebraska Revised Statute 28-806)

Zoning for adult businesses in Nebraska is primarily regulated at the county and municipal levels. Sarpy County's Zoning Regulations (Section 45) for 'Sexually Oriented Businesses' aim to promote health, safety, and general welfare. These regulations require a special use permit for establishing or substantially enlarging a sexually oriented business. Such businesses cannot be located within 2,500 feet of a 'Restricted Use Area' (schools, public libraries, public parks, and certain residential or mixed-use districts), within 1,000 feet of a 'Highway Corridor District,' or within 500 feet of another sexually oriented business. The regulations also define various types of sexually oriented businesses, including adult arcades, adult cabarets, adult motels, adult motion picture theaters, adult theaters, escort agencies, sex shops, nude or seminude model studios, and sexual encounter centers. (Sarpy County Zoning Regulations, Section 45)

Licensing for adult businesses in Nebraska is handled at the local level. For example, Sarpy County requires a 'Sexually Oriented Business Special Use Permit' prior to establishing or substantially enlarging such a business. The application process involves an inspection of the premises for compliance with building and fire codes, public hearings by the Planning Commission and County Board, and adherence to specific performance standards. Causes for denial include applicants being under 18, having overdue payments to the county, providing false information, violating regulations, non-compliance with zoning or safety codes, or having certain criminal convictions (e.g., prostitution, pandering, obscenity, sex offenses). Permits expire after one year and require reapplication. (Sarpy County Zoning Regulations, Section 45)

remaining_states_sexuality_laws_researchNebraska has enacted laws requiring age verification for access to digital platforms with sexual content. Legislative Bill 10-92, effective June 21, 2024, requires online porn companies to verify users are over 18 before granting access to content. (KETV News, June 21, 2024)     Nebraska has enacted laws requiring age verification for access to digital platforms with sexual content. Legislative Bill 10-92, effective June 21, 2024, requires online porn companies to verify users are over 18 before granting access to content. (KETV News, June 21, 2024)Turn on screen reader supportTo enable screen reader support, press ⌘+Option+Z To learn about keyboard shortcuts, press ⌘slash

remaining_states_sexuality_laws_researchNebraska has a unique law regarding the age of majority, recognizing it as 19 years old, which is higher than most other states. (FindLaw, Nebraska Legal Ages Laws)     Nebraska has a unique law regarding the age of majority, recognizing it as 19 years old, which is higher than most other states. (FindLaw, Nebraska Legal Ages Laws)Turn on screen reader supportTo enable screen reader support, press ⌘+Option+Z To learn about keyboard shortcuts, press ⌘slash

Legislative Bill 10-92, which went into effect on June 21, 2024, requires online porn companies to verify users are over 18 before granting them access to content. This has led to some platforms blocking Nebraska users. (KETV News, June 21, 2024) An obscenity bill that could have criminalized Nebraska librarians and teachers for providing 'obscene material' to K-12 students failed to advance in March 2024. (Nebraska Examiner, March 20, 2024)

Nebraska Revised Statute 28-801 (Prostitution) Nebraska Revised Statute 28-801.01 (Solicitation of prostitution) Nebraska Revised Statute 28-802 (Pandering) Nebraska Revised Statutes § 28-804 (Keeping a place of prostitution) Nebraska Revised Statute 28-813 (Obscene literature or material; prepares; distributes; promotes; penalty) Nebraska Revised Statute 28-806 (Public indecency) Sarpy County Zoning Regulations, Section 45 (Sexually Oriented Business Zoning Regulations) KETV News, June 21, 2024 (LB 10-92) Nebraska Examiner, March 20, 2024 (Obscenity bill) FindLaw, Nebraska Legal Ages Laws (Age of Majority)

• Nevada Revised Statutes Chapter 201 (Crimes Against Public Decency and Good Morals). (2024). Nevada Legislature. https://www.leg.state.nv.us/ • Sex Education Collaborative. (2024). Nevada state profile. https://sexeducationcollaborative.org/states/nevada • Nevada Department of Education. (2024). Health education standards. http://www.doe.nv.gov/

Prostitution is legal in 10 of Nevada's 16 counties, but only within licensed brothels. State law prohibits licensed brothels in counties with populations over 700,000 (e.g., Clark County, Washoe County). NRS 201.354 makes it unlawful for both customers and prostitutes to engage in prostitution or solicitation outside a licensed brothel. Penalties for unlawful prostitution are a misdemeanor, carrying up to 6 months in jail and/or up to a $1,000 fine for sex workers. Sex workers in licensed brothels are required to undergo regular testing for STIs (HIV, syphilis, gonorrhea, Chlamydia) and brothels must report communicable diseases to health authorities (NAC 441A.777). Mandatory condom use is also required. AB209 (2025 session) provides immunity from criminal liability for engaging in prostitution or solicitation for prostitution for victims and witnesses who report serious violent crimes.

Brothels are legal in 10 of Nevada's 16 counties, but are heavily regulated. As of September 2023, there are 18 legal brothels operating in 6 counties. State law bans licensed brothels in counties with populations over 700,000. Brothels are subject to strict county ordinances and state laws, including health regulations (mandatory STI testing for sex workers, reporting of communicable diseases, mandatory condom use). Licensing is required, and fees can range from $200-$100,000 annually. Adult entertainment establishments are also regulated, with some local ordinances (e.g., Las Vegas) prohibiting certain acts like masturbation on premises (Chapter 6.06B). There are also age restrictions for performers in adult entertainment establishments (e.g., prohibiting persons under 21 years of age).

Regulations for sex toy stores and adult retail businesses are primarily handled at the local level through sexually oriented business ordinances. These businesses often require specific licenses (e.g., adult emporium or bookstore licenses in Las Vegas, sexually oriented business licenses in North Las Vegas). Age restrictions typically apply, prohibiting persons under 18 from entering sexually oriented businesses. Zoning restrictions also apply to these businesses, often limiting them to specific industrial or commercial zones.

Nevada's obscenity and public decency laws are primarily found in NRS Chapter 201. NRS 201.220 prohibits open and indecent or obscene exposure of a person, or of the person of another, with penalties ranging from a gross misdemeanor to a felony depending on prior offenses. NRS 201.253 makes it a misdemeanor to knowingly cause or participate in an obscene performance or exhibition. Obscene material is generally defined as depicting or describing sex acts in an offensive way, or depicting masturbation, excretory function, sadism, or masochism. NRS 201.265 makes it a misdemeanor to sell, give, or show pornographic materials to a minor under 18. Public indecency involves willful and lewd exposure of genitalia in public places or where others might be offended.

Zoning restrictions for adult businesses, including sexually oriented businesses and brothels, are typically set at the county and city level. These businesses are often restricted to specific industrial or commercial zones (e.g., industrial light (IR-1) zoning in Mesquite, C-M or M zones in Las Vegas). Local ordinances often include separation requirements, mandating a minimum distance from residential areas, schools, churches, parks, and other sensitive locations, as well as from other sexually oriented businesses.

Licensing for adult businesses, including brothels and sexually oriented businesses, is primarily handled at the local (county and city) level. A state business license is generally required, in addition to local licenses. Specific licenses for sexually oriented businesses (e.g., adult emporium, adult bookstore, sexually oriented business license) are mandated. Applicants often need to provide personal history information and undergo background checks. License fees vary significantly by county and type of business. Brothels have additional licensing requirements, including detailed applications, recent photographs, and fingerprints of all involved persons. Health permits and compliance with health regulations are also part of the licensing process.

Nevada has introduced legislation (Assembly Bill 294, introduced Feb 2025) to mandate age verification for online platforms that publish material deemed harmful to minors. This includes sexually explicit content. Additionally, Nevada has laws regarding social media age restrictions, with some proposals requiring parental consent for users aged 14-15 and prohibiting adult users from sending direct messages to minors. NRS 200.727 addresses the use of the internet to control visual presentations depicting sexual conduct of persons under 16 years of age.

Nevada is the only state in the U.S. where prostitution is legal, but only in licensed brothels in specific counties. This unique legal status comes with strict regulations, including mandatory health testing and condom use for sex workers. Nevada also has laws addressing AI-generated content, specifically expanding illicit material laws to include AI-generated content, particularly concerning child sexual abuse material (CSAM). The age of consent in Nevada is 16.

Recent legislative changes and proposed bills include: - AB209 (2025 session): Provides immunity from criminal liability for engaging in prostitution or solicitation for prostitution for victims and witnesses who report serious violent crimes. This bill has passed. - Assembly Bill 294 (introduced Feb 2025): Mandates age verification for online platforms publishing material deemed harmful to minors. - Nevada has signed two bills into law (June 2025) that add artificial-intelligence-generated content to its list of illegal digital materials, particularly in relation to child sexual abuse material (CSAM).

Nevada Revised Statutes (NRS) Chapter 201 (Crimes Against Public Decency and Good Morals), specifically NRS 201.354 (Unlawful prostitution/solicitation), NRS 201.220 (Indecent or obscene exposure), NRS 201.253 (Obscene shows or performances), NRS 201.265 (Exhibition/Sale of Obscene Material to Minor), and NRS 200.727 (Use of Internet to control visual presentation depicting sexual conduct of person under 16 years of age). Nevada Administrative Code (NAC) Chapter 441A (Communicable Diseases), specifically NAC 441A.777 ('Sex worker' defined). Local ordinances from various counties and cities (e.g., North Las Vegas Chapter 5.47, Las Vegas Chapter 6.06B, Elko Chapter 10, Clark County Title 30, Mesquite City Zoning Ordinance). Legislative bills such as Nevada Assembly Bill 294 and Assembly Bill 209.

• New Hampshire Revised Statutes Title LXII (Criminal Code). (2024). New Hampshire General Court. http://gencourt.state.nh.us/ • Sex Education Collaborative. (2024). New Hampshire state profile. https://sexeducationcollaborative.org/states/new-hampshire • New Hampshire Department of Education. (2024). Health education curriculum guidelines. https://www.education.nh.gov/

In New Hampshire, prostitution and the solicitation of prostitution are illegal under RSA 645:2. Engaging in, soliciting, or agreeing to perform sexual contact for a fee is classified as a misdemeanor. Penalties for a misdemeanor can include up to one year in jail and a fine of up to $2,000. Recent legislative changes, specifically Senate Bill 267 (SB 267), which takes effect on January 1, 2025, impose a mandatory $500 fine for individuals caught buying sex, in addition to any other penalties. Funds from these fines are directed to a victims' assistance fund. There have been ongoing legislative efforts to decriminalize sex work in the state, but as of the current date, it remains illegal.

Brothels are illegal in New Hampshire as prostitution is illegal throughout the state. Adult entertainment establishments are regulated at the local level, with various municipalities having ordinances governing 'sexually oriented businesses.' These local regulations often include zoning restrictions, licensing requirements, and rules regarding nudity or attire. Examples include ordinances in Newmarket, Dover, Manchester, Hampton, Bristol, Franklin, Raymond, Hudson, and Greenfield, which define and regulate such establishments.

New Hampshire does not have specific state-wide laws solely for sex toy stores. However, local ordinances may regulate adult retail businesses, often classifying them under 'sexually oriented businesses.' For example, the City of Dover regulates the display of adult books, magazines, and videos by requiring them to be out of view of minors. Manchester Adult Lifestyles, an adult store, requires customers to be at least 18 years of age to enter. Zoning laws for sexually oriented businesses often apply to adult retail establishments.

New Hampshire's obscenity laws are primarily defined in RSA 650. RSA 650:1 provides definitions for 'obscene material' and 'sexual conduct.' RSA 650:2 outlines offenses related to obscene matter, making it a misdemeanor to knowingly provide materials that meet the definition of obscene. Indecent exposure and lewdness are prohibited under RSA 645:1, which classifies acts such as fornication, exposure of genitals, or other acts of gross lewdness as misdemeanors. The severity can increase to a Class B felony if the act is committed purposely under circumstances likely to cause affront or alarm.

Zoning laws for adult businesses in New Hampshire are primarily enacted at the municipal level. Many towns and cities have specific ordinances regulating the location of 'sexually oriented businesses.' These ordinances often restrict such businesses to specific zones, such as industrial zones, and require special permits or site plan reviews. Examples of municipalities with such zoning regulations include Newmarket, Hampton, Bristol, Franklin, Raymond, Hudson, and Greenfield. These local laws aim to control the concentration and proximity of adult businesses to residential areas, schools, and other sensitive locations.

Licensing requirements for adult businesses in New Hampshire are primarily handled at the municipal level. Many towns and cities have specific ordinances requiring licenses or permits for sexually oriented businesses. For example, Newmarket requires a license for sexually oriented businesses, with applications needing to be accompanied by a fee. Concord also requires applicants for a sexually oriented business license to be at least 18 years of age and submit a written application. These local regulations often specify application procedures, fees, and conditions for obtaining and renewing licenses.

New Hampshire has considered but failed to pass state-wide age verification laws for digital platforms with adult content. There is no current state requirement to upload ID for age verification to access online pornography in New Hampshire. However, there are broader privacy laws like the New Hampshire Privacy Act (SB 255, effective March 6, 2024) that address consumer data privacy, including prohibiting processing consumer personal data for targeted advertising or sale without consent, especially for those under 13.

New Hampshire's approach to obscenity laws includes specific definitions and offenses under RSA 650. Recent legislative efforts (HB 324) have focused on removing the obscenity law exemption for K-12 schools, potentially subjecting educators to criminal prosecution for providing materials deemed obscene. Additionally, the state has recently enacted the New Hampshire Privacy Act (SB 255), a comprehensive data privacy law that impacts how businesses handle consumer data, including restrictions on targeted advertising without consent, particularly for minors.

A significant recent change is Senate Bill 267 (SB 267), effective January 1, 2025, which establishes a mandatory $500 fine for patrons engaging in prostitution in New Hampshire. Another notable legislative development is House Bill 324 (HB 324), which aims to remove the obscenity law exemption for K-12 schools, potentially leading to criminal prosecution for educators providing materials deemed obscene. The New Hampshire Privacy Act (SB 255) was signed into law on March 6, 2024, making New Hampshire the 15th state to adopt a comprehensive state privacy law, impacting data handling for businesses.

New Hampshire Revised Statutes Annotated (RSA) 645:2 (Prostitution and Related Offenses); RSA 645:1 (Indecent Exposure and Lewdness); RSA 650:1 (Obscene Matter - Definitions); RSA 650:2 (Obscene Matter - Offenses); SB 267 (2025 Legislative Session); SB 255 (New Hampshire Privacy Act). Local ordinances for zoning and licensing of adult businesses vary by municipality (e.g., Newmarket, Dover, Manchester, Hampton, Bristol, Franklin, Raymond, Hudson, Greenfield).

• New Jersey Statutes Title 2C (The New Jersey Code of Criminal Justice). (2024). New Jersey Legislature. https://www.njleg.state.nj.us/ • Sex Education Collaborative. (2024). New Jersey state profile. https://sexeducationcollaborative.org/states/new-jersey • New Jersey Department of Education. (2024). Comprehensive health and physical education standards. https://www.nj.gov/education/

In New Jersey, prostitution is illegal and defined as sexual activity in exchange for something of economic value. This includes sexual intercourse, masturbation, and touching of genitals, buttocks, or female breasts. Both engaging in prostitution (as a patron or prostitute) and promoting prostitution are offenses. Penalties vary based on the offense and prior convictions. First-time offenders engaging in prostitution face a disorderly persons offense, punishable by up to six months in jail and a $1,000 fine. Subsequent convictions can lead to fourth-degree crimes (up to 18 months incarceration) or third-degree crimes (3 to 5 years in prison) for fourth or subsequent convictions. If a motor vehicle is used, the offender's driving privilege may be suspended for six months. Promoting prostitution can be a fourth-degree crime (18 months incarceration) or a third-degree crime (3 to 5 years in prison), depending on the specific act. Offenses involving minors (under 18) carry significantly harsher penalties, ranging from second-degree crimes (5 to 10 years in prison) to first-degree crimes (10 to 20 years in prison), with substantial fines. Mistake of age is not a defense for offenses involving minors. There are also provisions for additional penalties, such as a mandatory fine of $10,000 to $50,000 for promoting prostitution offenses, with funds going to the Human Trafficking Survivor's Assistance Fund. A bill (A5304) introduced in 2024 aims to upgrade penalties for promoting prostitution and create new crimes related to prostitution networks. Human trafficking victims have an affirmative defense against prostitution charges.

New Jersey law defines a 'house of prostitution' as any place where prostitution or promotion of prostitution is regularly carried on by one person under the control, management, or supervision of another. Owning, controlling, managing, supervising, or otherwise keeping a house of prostitution or a prostitution business is considered promoting prostitution, which is an indictable offense. Penalties for promoting prostitution, including operating a brothel, can range from a fourth-degree crime (up to 18 months incarceration) to a third-degree crime (3 to 5 years in prison). If the promotion involves a minor, it can be a first-degree crime (10 to 20 years in prison). Local ordinances may also regulate adult entertainment establishments, often with zoning restrictions and licensing requirements. For example, some municipalities may prohibit or limit adult entertainment in certain zones or require specific distances from schools or churches.

New Jersey does not have specific statewide laws that broadly regulate sex toy stores or adult retail businesses in the same way it regulates prostitution or obscenity. However, these businesses are subject to general business licensing and zoning laws at the municipal level. Some municipalities may have specific ordinances regarding 'sexually oriented businesses' that could include adult retail stores, imposing restrictions on their location (zoning) and requiring special licenses. For instance, some local codes may prohibit minors from being on the premises of a sexually oriented business or restrict the display of materials visible from the exterior. The sale of adult toys is generally legal at the federal level, with regulations primarily focusing on obscenity and age verification. Businesses selling such products would need to obtain general business licenses and comply with local zoning regulations.

New Jersey law addresses obscenity primarily through statutes related to the sale, distribution, rental, or exhibition of obscene material. Selling, distributing, renting, or exhibiting obscene material to a person 18 years of age or older is a crime of the fourth degree. Knowingly showing obscene material to a person under 18 years of age, especially with the purpose to arouse, gratify, or stimulate oneself or another, is a crime of the third degree. Admitting a person under 18 to a theater exhibiting an obscene film is also a crime of the third degree. There are also laws regarding public indecency and lewdness. A person commits a disorderly persons offense if they commit any flagrantly lewd and offensive act that they know or reasonably expect is likely to be observed by others. Penalties for indecent exposure and lewdness can include jail time and fines, with enhanced penalties if a minor is involved. Recent legislative proposals (e.g., Bill S4455) aim to require age verification for sexually oriented online entities to prohibit minors from accessing sexually explicit obscene material.

New Jersey municipalities have the authority to enact zoning ordinances that regulate the location of adult businesses, including adult entertainment establishments and potentially adult retail stores. These zoning laws often aim to restrict such businesses to specific zones (e.g., industrial or commercial) and may impose 'buffer zone' requirements, mandating certain distances from residential areas, schools, churches, parks, or other sensitive locations. For example, some local ordinances may prohibit sexually oriented businesses within 1,000 feet of existing sexually oriented businesses, churches, or schools. The specific zoning regulations vary by municipality, and businesses are required to check with local zoning boards to ensure compliance before establishing operations. Some towns may even ban adult entertainment establishments in certain areas.

New Jersey does not have a single, overarching state-level business license for all adult businesses. Instead, licensing requirements for adult businesses are primarily determined at the municipal level and depend on the specific type of business. For example, adult entertainment establishments (like strip clubs) often require specific municipal entertainment licenses, which may involve applications, fees, and adherence to local ordinances. These licenses may also be tied to liquor licenses if alcohol is served. Businesses selling adult products may need general retail business licenses. The process typically involves municipal approval and compliance with local zoning and other regulations. For instance, some municipalities may require a specific fee for an adult live entertainment license, payable upon application. It is crucial for any adult business to consult with the specific municipality where they intend to operate to understand all applicable local licensing and permit requirements.

New Jersey has been actively considering and proposing legislation related to age verification for digital platforms with sexual content. While there is currently no statewide requirement to upload ID for age verification to access online pornography, recent bills (e.g., S4455, A4146) aim to mandate age verification to prohibit minors from accessing sexually explicit material online. These proposals would require entities providing such content to implement robust age verification mechanisms. Additionally, there are broader discussions and legislative efforts concerning children's online privacy and social media use, with some proposals suggesting parental consent for minors to use social media platforms or restrictions on data collection from children. Federal laws like COPPA (Children's Online Privacy Protection Act) already regulate the online privacy of children under 13.

A notable aspect of New Jersey law is that it treats prostitution and solicitation as the same crime under the same statute (N.J.S.A. 2C:34-1), regardless of whether one is soliciting or providing services. Additionally, New Jersey law allows for the prosecution of minors under 18 for prostitution offenses, though a human trafficking defense is available. Recent legislative efforts, such as Bill A5304, indicate a trend towards increasing penalties for promoting prostitution and establishing new crimes related to prostitution networks, reflecting a focus on combating organized sex trafficking. The state also has specific statutes regarding obscenity and public indecency, with varying penalties based on the nature of the offense and the involvement of minors. Municipalities play a significant role in regulating adult businesses through zoning and licensing ordinances, leading to variations in regulations across the state.

Recent legislative changes and proposed bills in New Jersey indicate a focus on strengthening laws against promoting prostitution and enhancing age verification for online sexual content. Bill A5304 (introduced February 10, 2025) proposes to upgrade criminal penalties for promoting prostitution to a crime of the second degree and impose mandatory minimum terms. It also seeks to create new crimes: 'leader of a prostitution network' (second-degree crime) and 'participant in a prostitution network' (third-degree crime). Regarding digital platforms, bills like S4455 and A4146 (introduced in 2024) aim to require age verification for access to sexually explicit online material to protect minors. These legislative efforts suggest a trend towards stricter enforcement and greater regulation in these areas.

New Jersey Revised Statutes Section 2C:34-1 (Prostitution and related offenses); New Jersey Revised Statutes Section 2C:34-2 (Obscenity for adults); New Jersey Revised Statutes Section 2C:34-3 (Obscenity for minors); N.J.S.A. 2C:14-4 (Lewdness); Bill A5304 (2024-2025 legislative session); Bill S4455 (2024-2025 legislative session); Bill A4146 (2024-2025 legislative session); Municipal ordinances for zoning and licensing (vary by municipality, e.g., Jersey City Chapter 157 Entertainment Licenses, Township of Denville Sexually Oriented Businesses).

• New Mexico Statutes Chapter 30 (Criminal Offenses). (2024). New Mexico Legislature. https://www.nmlegis.gov/ • Sex Education Collaborative. (2024). New Mexico state profile. https://sexeducationcollaborative.org/states/new-mexico • New Mexico Public Education Department. (2024). Health education content standards. https://webnew.ped.state.nm.us/

Prostitution is illegal in New Mexico. Engaging in or offering to engage in a sexual act for hire is a petty misdemeanor for a first offense, and a misdemeanor for subsequent convictions. Penalties include up to 6 months in jail and a $500 fine for petty misdemeanors, and up to 1 year in jail and a $1,000 fine for misdemeanors. Patronizing a prostitute carries similar penalties. Promoting prostitution (pimping, owning/managing a brothel, renting property for prostitution, etc.) is a fourth-degree felony, punishable by up to 18 months in prison and a $5,000 fine. New Mexico has a safe harbor law for minors, meaning children cannot be prosecuted for acting as prostitutes. Human trafficking victims can have related charges or convictions sealed. (N.M. Stat. § 30-9-2, 30-9-3, 30-9-4, 30-6A-4, 30-52-1.2, 31-19-1, 32A-2-3, 32A-3B-2, 32A-3B-3, 32A-3B-4, 29-11A-3, 31-18-15, 30-52-1)

Operating or managing a brothel is considered promoting prostitution, which is a fourth-degree felony in New Mexico, punishable by up to 18 months in prison and a $5,000 fine. (N.M. Stat. § 30-9-4). Local ordinances, such as in Albuquerque and Bernalillo County, regulate 'sexually oriented businesses' which can include establishments providing live entertainment intended to provide sexual stimulation or gratification. These ordinances often cover licensing, zoning, and operational requirements for such businesses.

Regulations for adult retail businesses, such as sex toy stores, are primarily addressed at the local level through 'sexually oriented business' ordinances. For example, in Artesia, Chapter 6 of the city code regulates sexually oriented businesses, defining 'adult bookstore, adult novelty store, or adult video store' as commercial establishments with a significant portion of their stock in trade dedicated to materials depicting 'specified sexual activities' or 'specified anatomical areas'. These ordinances typically cover licensing, zoning, hours of operation, and restrictions on minors. (Artesia City Code Chapter 6)

New Mexico law prohibits the sale, delivery, distribution, display, or possession with intent to sell/distribute to a minor of sexually oriented material harmful to minors. This includes visual representations or printed matter depicting nudity, sexual conduct, sexual excitement, or sado-masochistic abuse that is harmful to minors. (N.M. Stat § 30-37-2). Additionally, it is unlawful to intentionally possess, distribute, cause, or permit a child to engage in, or manufacture any obscene visual or print medium depicting any prohibited sexual act or simulation of such an act if a participant is a child under 18. Penalties vary by degree of felony. (N.M. Stat. § 30-6A-3). Public indecency laws, such as in Albuquerque, prohibit knowingly or intentionally engaging in sexual intercourse, appearing in a state of nudity, or fondling genitals in a public place. (Albuquerque Code of Ordinances Article 8, § 11-8-3). Indecent exposure (knowingly and intentionally exposing primary genital area to public view) is a misdemeanor. Aggravated indecent exposure (lewd and lascivious exposure with intent to threaten or intimidate, especially involving a child or assault) is a fourth-degree felony. (N.M. Stat. § 30-9-14, 30-9-14.3)

Zoning laws for adult businesses are typically handled at the local level. For example, in Rio Rancho, Chapter 111 of their code regulates 'Adult Businesses' (including adults-only bookstores, motion picture theaters, and entertainment centers, massage parlors, and saunas). These businesses are subject to location restrictions, such as being operated only within specific commercial districts (e.g., C-1 retail commercial district) and not within 500 feet of residentially zoned districts, churches, state-licensed day-care facilities, public libraries, or educational facilities primarily serving persons age 17 or younger. (Rio Rancho City Code Chapter 111, § 111.03). Albuquerque and Roswell also have specific zoning regulations for sexually oriented businesses, often aiming to prevent concentration of such businesses and mitigate adverse secondary effects. (Albuquerque Code of Ordinances Article 15; Roswell Code of Ordinances Article 64)

Licensing requirements for adult businesses are established at the local level through sexually oriented business ordinances. For example, in Albuquerque, Article 15 of the city code requires licenses for sexually oriented businesses and designated operators, outlining procedures for issuance, fees, inspection, and grounds for suspension or revocation. (Albuquerque Code of Ordinances Article 15, § 13-15-4, 13-15-5, 13-15-6, 13-15-7, 13-15-10, 13-15-11). Bernalillo County and Artesia also have similar licensing requirements for sexually oriented businesses. (Bernalillo County Code of Ordinances Article IX; Artesia City Code Chapter 6)

New Mexico Statutes Section 30-6A-3 makes it unlawful to possess or distribute obscene visual or print media depicting prohibited sexual acts if a participant is a child under eighteen years of age. This implies an age verification requirement for platforms distributing such content. Additionally, local ordinances for sexually oriented businesses, such as in Artesia and Roswell, often explicitly state that no person under the age of 18 years shall be permitted within the premises at any time, and require clear posting of such notices. (N.M. Stat. § 30-6A-3; Artesia City Code Chapter 6, § 4-6-9; Roswell Code of Ordinances Article 64, Section F)

New Mexico has a 'safe harbor' law for minors involved in prostitution, preventing them from being prosecuted as delinquents. Instead, they are taken into protective custody and offered social services. (N.M. Stat. §§ 32A-2-3, 32A-3B-2, 32A-3B-3, 32A-3B-4). Additionally, human trafficking victims can petition the court to seal any charges or convictions that resulted from their victimization. (N.M. Stat. § 30-52-1.2).

HB 56 in 2019 ensured minors involved in prostitution cases aren’t charged with a crime. There have been discussions and proposed bills regarding the decriminalization of prostitution, such as HB0508, which would have legalized prostitution in authorized urban areas, but consensual adult sex work remains illegal statewide. (HB 56 (2019); HB0508)

New Mexico Statutes (N.M. Stat.) § 30-9-2 (Prostitution), § 30-9-3 (Patronizing Prostitutes), § 30-9-4 (Promoting Prostitution), § 30-6A-3 (Sexual exploitation of children), § 30-37-2 (Sexually Oriented Material Harmful to Minors), § 30-9-14 (Indecent Exposure), § 30-9-14.3 (Aggravated Indecent Exposure). Local ordinances cited include: Albuquerque Code of Ordinances Article 8 (Public Indecency), Article 15 (Sexually Oriented Businesses); Bernalillo County Code of Ordinances Article IX (Sexually Oriented Business Ordinance); Artesia City Code Chapter 6 (Sexually Oriented Businesses); Rio Rancho City Code Chapter 111 (Adult Businesses); Roswell Code of Ordinances Article 64 (Sexually Oriented Business (SOB)).

• New York Penal Law Article 230 (Prostitution Offenses). (2024). New York State Legislature. https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws • FindLaw. (2024). New York prostitution laws. Thomson Reuters. https://www.findlaw.com/state/new-york-law/new-york-prostitution-laws.html • New York State Assembly Bill A3946. (2025). Age verification for internet pornography websites. https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2025/A3946 • New York Department of State. (2024). Legal memorandum LU03: Municipal regulation of adult uses. https://dos.ny.gov/legal-memorandum-lu03-municipal-regulation-adult-uses

Legal Status: Prostitution is illegal in New York. It is a crime to buy or sell sex, attempt to buy or sell sex, make money from prostitution, or promote prostitution. Definition of Prostitution (NY Penal Law Article 230): A person commits the act of prostitution when they engage in or offer to engage in sexual conduct in exchange for something of value. Prohibited Activities (NY Penal Law Article 230): (a) Prostitution - Class B misdemeanor (up to 3 months jail, $500 fine) (b) Patronizing a prostitute - Class A misdemeanor (up to 1 year jail, $1,000 fine) (c) Promoting prostitution - Class A misdemeanor (up to 1 year jail, $1,000 fine) (d) Compelling prostitution - Class B felony (3-25 years prison, $5,000 fine) (e) Sex trafficking - Class B felony (3-25 years prison, $5,000 fine) (f) Permitting prostitution - Class B misdemeanor (up to 3 months jail, $500 fine) Enhanced Penalties: If prostitution offense occurs in or near a school zone, it becomes a Class A misdemeanor. Defenses: Affirmative defense available for victims of sex trafficking under NY Penal Law Section 230.01.

Brothels are illegal in New York under promoting prostitution statutes. NY Penal Law - Promoting Prostitution: A person "advances prostitution" when they: - Knowingly cause or help someone engage in prostitution - Procure or solicit patrons for prostitution - Provide the location for prostitution to take place - Operate or help maintain a house of prostitution Maintaining a House of Prostitution: Covered under promoting prostitution in the fourth degree - Class A misdemeanor. Penalties: Up to 1 year imprisonment and $1,000 fine for operating or maintaining a brothel. Enhanced Charges: Higher degrees of promoting prostitution carry felony charges with increased penalties.

Adult retail businesses are regulated through municipal zoning ordinances and state obscenity laws. Municipal Regulation: New York City and other municipalities regulate "adult establishments" including: - Adult bookstores - Adult theaters - Adult restaurants - Adult entertainment venues Zoning Requirements: Adult businesses typically subject to: - Distance requirements from schools, churches, residential areas - Concentration limits in specific zones - Special use permits and licensing - Operating hour restrictions State Oversight: No specific statewide ban on adult retail, but subject to obscenity laws and local regulation. Age Restrictions: Sales to minors prohibited under various statutes.

New York regulates obscenity under Penal Law Article 235. Definition: Based on Miller v. California test - material that: - Appeals to prurient interest - Depicts sexual conduct in patently offensive way - Lacks serious literary, artistic, political, or scientific value Prohibited Activities: - Obscenity in the third degree (Class A misdemeanor) - Obscenity in the second degree (Class E felony) - Obscenity in the first degree (Class D felony) - Disseminating indecent material to minors Enhanced Penalties: For distribution to minors or commercial distribution. Exemptions: Material with serious literary, artistic, political, or scientific value protected.

New York municipalities have broad authority to regulate adult businesses through zoning. NYC Zoning Amendment: Regulates various "adult establishments" including: - Adult bookstores and video stores - Adult theaters and entertainment venues - Adult restaurants and cabarets Typical Restrictions: - 500-foot buffer zones from schools, churches, residences - Concentration limits (no more than one per district) - Special use permits required - Operating hour limitations - Signage restrictions Legal Basis: Regulation of "secondary effects" rather than content-based restrictions. Court Precedent: Must be content-neutral and allow reasonable alternative avenues of expression.

Adult businesses in New York typically require multiple licenses and permits. Municipal Licenses: - Special use permits for adult entertainment - Business operation licenses - Cabaret licenses (for live entertainment) - Liquor licenses (if applicable) State Requirements: - General business registration - Tax registration - Workers' compensation insurance Employee Requirements: - Background checks may be required - Age verification (18+ for adult entertainment) - Health permits (in some jurisdictions) Compliance: Regular inspections and renewal requirements.

New York has proposed and is considering age verification requirements for online adult content. Proposed Legislation (2024-2025): - Assembly Bill A3946/Senate Bill S3591 - Requires age verification for pornographic websites - $50,000 per day penalty for violations - Biometric or government ID verification required Current Status: Under legislative consideration, not yet enacted. Existing Protections: - Prohibition on disseminating indecent material to minors - Age restrictions for adult entertainment venues - Online safety measures for minors Industry Impact: Would affect major adult content platforms operating in New York.

New York has several notable sexuality-related laws: 1. Revenge Porn Law: Criminal penalties for non-consensual distribution of intimate images 2. Sex Trafficking Victims Protection: Comprehensive protections and services for trafficking victims 3. LGBTQ+ Protections: Strong anti-discrimination laws covering sexual orientation and gender identity 4. Comprehensive Sex Education: Mandated in public schools with opt-out provisions 5. Adult Entertainment Worker Protections: Labor protections for legal adult entertainment workers 6. Online Safety for Minors: Various measures to protect children from online exploitation Recent Focus: Emphasis on victim protection rather than criminalization of sex work.

Recent legislative and policy changes in New York: 2023-2024: - Continued discussion of sex work decriminalization - Enhanced penalties for sex trafficking - Proposed age verification requirements for online adult content 2022: - Strengthened revenge porn laws - Enhanced victim services for trafficking survivors 2021: - Expanded LGBTQ+ protections - Updated sex education requirements Ongoing Trends: - Movement toward harm reduction approaches - Focus on victim protection and services - Increased regulation of online adult content

Key New York legal citations: NY Penal Law Article 230 (Prostitution offenses) NY Penal Law Article 235 (Obscenity and related offenses) NY Penal Law Section 230.01 (Affirmative defense for trafficking victims) NY Penal Law Section 230.15 (Promoting prostitution) Assembly Bill A3946 (2025) - Age verification for online pornography Senate Bill S3591 (2025) - Age verification requirements NYC Zoning Resolution - Adult establishment regulations Various municipal ordinances regulating adult businesses

• North Carolina General Statutes Chapter 14 (Criminal Law). (2024). North Carolina General Assembly. https://www.ncleg.gov/ • Sex Education Collaborative. (2024). North Carolina state profile. https://sexeducationcollaborative.org/states/north-carolina • North Carolina Department of Public Instruction. (2024). Healthful living education standard course of study. https://www.dpi.nc.gov/

Prostitution and solicitation are illegal in North Carolina. Engaging in sexual acts for money or value, soliciting, abetting, pimping, pandering, and promoting child prostitution are prohibited. Penalties vary by offense and prior history, ranging from Class 1 misdemeanors (1-120 days punishment, potential conditional dismissal for first-time prostitution offenders) to felonies (Class H, G, F, E) for subsequent offenses, patronizing, promoting, or child prostitution. Specific statutes include G.S. 14-203 et seq., G.S. 14-204 (Prostitution), G.S. 14-205.1 (Solicitation), G.S. 14-205.3 (Pimping/Pandering), and G.S. 14-190.13 (Child Prostitution. As of December 1, 2024, solicitation of prostitution becomes a felony via House Bill 971.

North Carolina does not have a specific 'brothel law,' but acts associated with brothels, such as promoting prostitution or keeping a place of prostitution, are illegal under general prostitution laws (G.S. 14-205.3). These offenses are felonies, with penalties depending on the nature of the act and prior criminal history.

Adult retail businesses, including adult bookstores and those selling sexually oriented devices, are regulated under North Carolina General Statutes Article 26A (G.S. 14-202.10 et seq.). An 'adult bookstore' is defined by the majority of its gross income or preponderance of its publications emphasizing matter depicting specified sexual activities or anatomical areas. 'Sexually oriented devices' are defined as artificial or simulated anatomical areas or devices principally for specified sexual activities (excluding contraceptives). G.S. 14-202.11 prohibits combining different types of adult establishments within the same facility, including facilities selling sexually oriented devices. Violations are Class 3 misdemeanors for a first offense and Class 2 misdemeanors for subsequent offenses (G.S. 14-202.12).

North Carolina General Statutes § 14-190.1 makes it unlawful to intentionally disseminate obscenity. Material is obscene if it depicts sexual conduct in a patently offensive way, appeals to prurient interest, lacks serious literary, artistic, political, or scientific value, and is not constitutionally protected. 'Sexual conduct' includes various forms of intercourse, masturbation, excretory functions, and lewd exhibition of uncovered genitals. Violations are Class I felonies, or Class H felonies if committed knowingly in the presence of a minor under 18. Obscene material is contraband. G.S. 14-190.9 addresses indecent exposure, making it a Class 2 misdemeanor for public exposure of private parts, and a Class H felony if in the presence of a person under 16.

North Carolina grants local governments authority to regulate sexually oriented businesses through zoning ordinances (G.S. 160D-902(c)). These local regulations typically restrict such businesses to specific zoning districts, establish minimum separation requirements from other adult businesses, places of worship, schools, parks, and residential areas. Special use permits and licensing requirements are also common. The state also bans the establishment of 'sexually explicit supermarkets,' meaning certain types of adult businesses cannot be combined within a single establishment.

Licensing requirements for adult businesses in North Carolina are primarily enacted and enforced at the local (city and county) level, as authorized by G.S. 160D-902(c). While state law provides definitions (G.S. 14-202.10), specific requirements vary by locality. Common elements include formal application processes, background checks, fees, operational conditions (e.g., hours, age restrictions, nudity rules), and inspections. Licenses typically require annual renewal.

The Pornography Age Verification Act (PAVE Act), an amendment to House Bill 8, requires age verification for access to pornographic websites. This law was set to take effect on January 1, 2024, leading to some major sites blocking access in NC. However, a court blocked the state's porn site age verification law as of January 8, 2025. Broader digital platform regulations include House Bill 301 (proposed March 2025) aiming to protect minors under 16 from harmful online social media, and existing obscenity laws (G.S. 14-190.1) and child sexual exploitation laws (G.S. 14-202.3) that apply to digital content.

Notable laws include the continued classification of fornication and adultery as Class 2 misdemeanors (G.S. 14-184). The state also prohibits 'sexually explicit supermarkets,' preventing the combination of certain adult business types in one location. The age of consent is 16, with statutory rape laws (G.S. 14-27.2) making intercourse with a person 15 or younger a Class B1 felony. State laws against loitering for prostitution were repealed in 2013.

Recent legislative changes include House Bill 971 (signed June 28, 2024, effective December 1, 2024), which makes solicitation of prostitution a felony. The Pornography Age Verification Act (PAVE Act, amendment to House Bill 8) was passed, requiring age verification for pornographic websites, though its implementation is currently blocked by a court ruling as of January 8, 2025. Changes to sexual offense laws in December 2019 clarified and strengthened consent provisions, requiring sexual activity to stop if consent is withdrawn. Senate Bill 49 (Parents' Bill of Rights), enacted August 16, 2023, impacts curriculum and parental rights regarding sexuality in schools. House Bill 301 (proposed March 2025) aims to protect minors from harmful online social media.

New Mexico Statutes (N.M. Stat.) § 30-9-2 (Prostitution), § 30-9-3 (Patronizing Prostitutes), § 30-9-4 (Promoting Prostitution), § 30-6A-3 (Sexual exploitation of children), § 30-37-2 (Sexually Oriented Material Harmful to Minors), § 30-9-14 (Indecent Exposure), § 30-9-14.3 (Aggravated Indecent Exposure). Local ordinances cited include: Albuquerque Code of Ordinances Article 8 (Public Indecency), Article 15 (Sexually Oriented Businesses); Bernalillo County Code of Ordinances Article IX (Sexually Oriented Business Ordinance); Artesia City Code Chapter 6 (Sexually Oriented Businesses); Rio Rancho City Code Chapter 111 (Adult Businesses); Roswell Code of Ordinances Article 64 (Sexually Oriented Business (SOB)).

• North Dakota Century Code Title 12.1 (Criminal Code). (2024). North Dakota Legislative Assembly. https://www.legis.nd.gov/ • Sex Education Collaborative. (2024). North Dakota state profile. https://sexeducationcollaborative.org/states/north-dakota • North Dakota Department of Public Instruction. (2024). Health education content standards. https://www.nd.gov/dpi/

North Dakota Century Code Title 12.1, Chapter 12.1-29 defines and criminalizes promoting prostitution (12.1-29-01), facilitating prostitution (12.1-29-02), and prostitution (12.1-29-03). Penalties range from Class B misdemeanor to Class A felony depending on the offense and circumstances. Hiring an individual to engage in sexual activity (12.1-29-06) is also illegal. Recent changes in 2023 decriminalized the act of prostitution while elevating the crime of soliciting.

North Dakota Century Code Title 12.1, Chapter 12.1-29 defines a "house of prostitution" as any place where prostitution is regularly carried on under the control or supervision of another. Promoting and facilitating prostitution, which includes operating or leasing such places, are illegal. Local ordinances, such as those in Williston and Minot, regulate adult entertainment establishments, often prohibiting physical contact between entertainers and patrons and imposing zoning restrictions.

Stores primarily selling sex toys are often classified as "adult businesses" for zoning purposes in North Dakota, similar to adult theaters. This classification can lead to restrictions on their location, as seen in Fargo's attempts to exclude such stores from downtown areas. Obscenity laws (North Dakota Century Code Title 12.1, Chapter 12.1-27.1) may also apply to the content of items sold.

North Dakota Century Code Title 12.1, Chapter 12.1-27.1 addresses obscenity, defining offenses related to disseminating obscene material (12.1-27.1-01) and promoting obscenity to minors (12.1-27.1-03). Indecent exposure is covered under Chapter 12.1-20 (12.1-20-12.1), classified as a Class A misdemeanor for a first offense and a Class C felony for subsequent offenses.

Zoning laws for adult businesses are primarily municipal. Common restrictions include proximity requirements (e.g., 1,250 feet from sensitive areas in Valley City), operating hours (e.g., Grand Forks), and restriction to specific industrial or commercial zones (e.g., Minot). Local ordinances may also dictate internal operational aspects.

Licensing for adult businesses is primarily governed by local municipal ordinances. Requirements often include specific business licenses for sexually oriented businesses (e.g., Grand Forks) and individual licenses for adult entertainers or employees (e.g., Minot, West Fargo). Applications typically involve in-person filing and compliance with local regulations.

North Dakota House Bill 1561 (HB 1561) and Senate Bill 2380 (SB 2380), effective August 1, 2025, mandate age verification for digital platforms with a substantial portion of sexually explicit content. Websites where at least one-third of the content is pornographic must perform "reasonable age verification" methods, which can include digitized identification. Failure to comply can result in liability.

The age of consent for sexual acts in North Dakota is 18. Consent cannot be given for those under this age. In 2023, North Dakota decriminalized the act of prostitution while elevating the crime of soliciting.

Recent legislative changes include the implementation of age verification laws for digital platforms (HB 1561 & SB 2380, effective August 1, 2025). House Bill 1333 (2023 legislative session) aimed to restrict adult-oriented performances, particularly those by impersonators appealing to prurient interest in front of minors. Other gender-related legislation includes bills defining gender as biological sex (HB 1181) and enforcing one-gender bathroom policies in schools (HB 1144).

North Dakota Century Code Title 12.1, Chapter 12.1-29; North Dakota Century Code Title 12.1, Chapter 12.1-27.1; North Dakota Century Code Title 12.1, Chapter 12.1-20-12.1; North Dakota House Bill 1561 (HB 1561); North Dakota Senate Bill 2380 (SB 2380); North Dakota House Bill 1333 (HB 1333); North Dakota House Bill 1181 (HB 1181); North Dakota House Bill 1144 (HB 1144); various local municipal ordinances (e.g., Valley City Code of Ordinances, Jamestown Code of Ordinances, Grand Forks Code of Ordinances, Minot City Ordinances, City of Williston Adult Entertainment eCode360).

• Ohio Revised Code Title 29 (Crimes - Procedure). (2024). Ohio General Assembly. https://www.legislature.ohio.gov/ • Sex Education Collaborative. (2024). Ohio state profile. https://sexeducationcollaborative.org/states/ohio • Ohio Department of Education. (2024). Health education learning standards. http://education.ohio.gov/

Ohio law bans engaging in sexual acts for payment or services. Prostitution (Ohio Revised Code §2907.25) is a third-degree misdemeanor. Child prostitution/compelling prostitution (§2907.21) is a felony with degree depending on facts and child's age. Solicitation (§2907.24) is a third-degree misdemeanor with driver's license suspension and community service. Loitering to engage in solicitation (§2907.241) is a third-degree misdemeanor. Penalties increase to fourth- or fifth-degree felony if defendant tests positive for HIV/AIDS. Payment includes money, gifts, favors, and other compensation. Sexual activity includes anal, oral, and vaginal intercourse, as well as sexual touching. Judges may order STD testing/treatment upon conviction.

Ohio does not have specific 'brothel' statutes but regulates such establishments under broader prostitution and sexually oriented business laws. Ohio Revised Code Section 2907.26 addresses rules of evidence in brothel and prostitution cases. Section 2907.39 prohibits permitting juveniles on premises of adult entertainment establishments. Section 2907.40 addresses illegally operating sexually oriented businesses. Brothels would likely fall under general prostitution promotion laws and sexually oriented business regulations.

Ohio Revised Code Section 2907.40 defines sexually oriented businesses including adult bookstores, adult video stores, sexual device shops, and sexual encounter centers. Sexual devices are defined as three-dimensional objects designed for genital/breast stimulation or sadomasochistic use. Operating restrictions include no operation between midnight and 6:00 AM unless holding liquor permit without nude entertainment. Prohibited activities include touching between patrons and nude/seminude employees. Violations of operating hours are first-degree misdemeanors; touching violations are first-degree misdemeanors if specified anatomical areas touched, fourth-degree misdemeanors otherwise.

Ohio Revised Code Section 2907.32 (Pandering Obscenity) prohibits creating, reproducing, publishing, promoting, or distributing obscene material for commercial exploitation or public dissemination. Affirmative defense exists for bona fide medical, scientific, educational, religious, governmental, or judicial purposes. Pandering obscenity is a fifth-degree felony, fourth-degree with prior conviction. Ohio Revised Code Section 2907.09 (Public Indecency) prohibits recklessly exposing private parts, engaging in sexual conduct/masturbation, or conduct appearing to be sexual in public. Enhanced penalties apply when minors are present. Penalties range from fourth-degree misdemeanor to fifth-degree felony depending on circumstances and prior convictions.

Ohio does not have statewide zoning laws for adult businesses. Zoning regulations are established at municipal/township level through local ordinances. The Ohio Attorney General provides model ordinances for guidance. Common restrictions include distance requirements from residential areas, schools, churches, parks, libraries; restriction to specific commercial/industrial zoning districts; conditional use permits; minimum separation between sexually oriented businesses; and site development plan requirements. Ohio Revised Code Sections 503.52(B)(2) and 715.55(B) require Attorney General to provide legal guidance to local governments.

Ohio does not have statewide licensing requirements for adult businesses. Licensing is handled at municipal/township level through local ordinances. Common requirements include valid licenses issued by city/township, application processes with detailed business information, prominent license display, potential background checks for operators/employees, and application/renewal fees. The Ohio Attorney General provides guidance and model ordinances to assist local governments in developing licensing regulations.

Ohio recently enacted the Ohio Innocence Act requiring age verification for online adult content, effective September 29, 2025. Pornography platforms and websites hosting content 'obscene or harmful to juveniles' must verify user ages using 'reasonable age verification methods,' which may include photo ID uploads or other sensitive data. Non-compliance results in first-degree misdemeanor penalties for each day of violation. Companies and webmasters failing to implement verification may face criminal charges. The specific Ohio Revised Code section number needs identification as it was passed within the state budget.

Ohio Revised Code Section 2907.231 specifically criminalizes engaging in prostitution with a person with a developmental disability as a third-degree felony, providing special protection for vulnerable populations. Historically, Ohio was among the last states to criminalize sodomy but among the first to expand laws to include oral sex. Recent legislation includes House Bill 68 (Ohio SAFE Act) concerning gender-affirming care for minors and House Bill 8 (Parents' Bill of Rights) requiring schools to notify parents if children identify as LGBTQ+.

The most significant recent change is the Ohio Innocence Act requiring age verification for online adult content, effective September 29, 2025. This law was passed as part of the state budget and will significantly impact digital platforms with adult content. Some content providers like PornHub are considering restricting access for Ohio users. Other recent legislation includes House Bill 68 (Ohio SAFE Act) and House Bill 8 (Parents' Bill of Rights), both addressing aspects of human sexuality regulation in educational and healthcare contexts.

Ohio Revised Code §2907.25 (Prostitution), §2907.21 (Child Prostitution/Compelling Prostitution), §2907.24 (Solicitation), §2907.241 (Loitering to Engage in Solicitation), §2907.26 (Rules of evidence in brothel and prostitution cases), §2907.39 (Permitting juvenile on premises of adult entertainment establishment), §2907.40 (Illegally operating sexually oriented business), §2907.32 (Pandering Obscenity), §2907.09 (Public Indecency), §2907.231 (Engaging in Prostitution with Person with Developmental Disability), §503.52(B)(2) and §715.55(B) (Attorney General guidance requirements), House Bill 68 (135th General Assembly), House Bill 8 (135th General Assembly). Local ordinance examples include Bellefontaine §1177.04, Upper Arlington Chapter 785, Reading §1282.15, Gahanna Chapter 771, Parma §701.06, Marysville Chapter 737, among others.

• Oklahoma Statutes Title 21 (Crimes and Punishments). (2024). Oklahoma Legislature. http://www.oklegislature.gov/ • Sex Education Collaborative. (2024). Oklahoma state profile. https://sexeducationcollaborative.org/states/oklahoma • Oklahoma State Department of Education. (2024). Health and safety education academic standards. https://sde.ok.gov/

In Oklahoma, prostitution and the solicitation of prostitution are illegal. Oklahoma law defines prostitution as giving or receiving sexual intercourse, fellatio, cunnilingus, masturbation, anal intercourse, or any other sexual contact or acts of lewdness with someone other than your spouse in exchange for money or a thing of value. Penalties: Prostitution is a misdemeanor punishable by imprisonment for 30 days to one year and fines: * First conviction: up to $2,500 * Second conviction: up to $5,000 * Third or subsequent conviction: up to $7,500 The court may also require 40 to 80 hours of community service. Engaging in prostitution while knowing one has HIV is a felony punishable by up to five years imprisonment. Child Prostitution: Engaging a person under 16 in prostitution is a felony punishable by imprisonment for up to 10 years and fines: * First offense: up to $5,000 * Second offense: up to $10,000 * Third or subsequent offense: up to $15,000 Human Trafficking: Oklahoma's criminal code treats human trafficking as modern-day slavery. Elements include extreme exploitation of victims, denial of freedom or liberty, and benefiting from the person's sex act or labor. Penalties are severe and can lead to lengthy prison sentences. Consent is not a defense. Houses of Prostitution: Operating a house of prostitution or any facility used for unlawful sexual intercourse is a misdemeanor, punishable by a fine of at least $2,000 per offense.

Oklahoma law prohibits operating a house of prostitution or any facility used for unlawful sexual intercourse. This is a misdemeanor punishable by a fine of at least $2,000 per offense. Adult Cabaret and Sexually Oriented Business Regulations (Oklahoma Statutes §21-1040.55): * Adult Cabaret: A nightclub, bar, restaurant, or similar establishment where persons appear in a state of nudity in the performance of their duties. * Sexually Oriented Business: Any business offering goods where a substantial portion are sexually oriented materials (more than 10% of display space used for such materials). * Sexually Oriented Materials: Textual, pictorial, or three-dimensional material depicting nudity, sexual conduct, sexual excitement, or sadomasochistic abuse that is patently offensive to the average person applying contemporary adult community standards with respect to what is suitable for minors. * State of Nudity: Showing human male or female genitals or pubic area with less than a fully opaque covering, or the female breast with less than a fully opaque covering or any part of the nipple. Advertising Restrictions: No billboard or other exterior advertising sign for an adult cabaret or sexually oriented business shall be located within one (1) mile of any state highway. If located within one mile, the business may display a maximum of two exterior signs on the premises: one identification sign (max 40 sq ft, with name, street address, telephone, operating hours) and one sign solely stating minors are not permitted. Violations are a misdemeanor.

Oklahoma City has specific regulations for "Adult Novelty Shops" (Article XIV of the Code of Ordinances). Definitions: * Adult Novelties: Instruments, devices, or paraphernalia designed, intended, and marketed primarily for use to stimulate human genital organs and/or for use in connection with sadomasochistic practices. * Adult Novelty Shop: A commercial establishment where more than 25% of its display area is designated for the display, sale, or offer for sale of adult novelties. Location Restrictions: No adult novelty shop is permitted within 1,000 feet of: * A church, synagogue, mosque, temple, or other similar religious building regularly used for prayer, religious activities or worship services. * A public or private school. * A public or private park or playground. * A public library. * Land zoned or used for residential purposes. Measurements are taken from the exterior walls of the adult novelty shop to the nearest property line of the restricted location. Age Limitation: No person under the age of 18 years shall be allowed on the premises of an adult novelty shop. Display Restrictions: Adult novelties, images of adult novelties, or word descriptions of adult novelties may not be displayed in a manner making them visible outside the premises of the establishment.

Oklahoma law addresses obscenity and public indecency through various statutes. Indecent Exposure (Oklahoma Statutes §21-1021): Every person who willfully and knowingly lewdly exposes his or her person or genitals in any public place, or in any place where there are present other persons, is guilty of a felony. Penalties can range from 30 days in county jail to 10 years in state prison, with associated fines. Obscene Language (Oklahoma Statutes §21-906): It is unlawful for any person to utter or speak any obscene or lascivious language or word in any public place, or in the presence of females, or in the presence of children. Obscene Material (Oklahoma Statutes §21-1040.8): Publication, distribution, or possession with intent to distribute obscene materials is a misdemeanor. Obscene material is generally defined by a test that considers whether the material, applying contemporary adult community standards, appeals to prurient interest, depicts sexual conduct in a patently offensive way, and lacks serious literary, artistic, political, or scientific value. Lewd or Indecent Proposals (Oklahoma Statutes §21-1123): It is a felony for any person to knowingly and intentionally make any oral, written, or electronically or computer-generated lewd or indecent proposal to a minor. Public Nudity/Improper Dress: Some municipal codes, such as Okmulgee, make it unlawful for any person to appear in any public place in a state of nudity or in any offensive, indecent, or lewd dress.

Oklahoma law addresses obscenity and public indecency through various statutes. Indecent Exposure (Oklahoma Statutes §21-1021): Every person who willfully and knowingly lewdly exposes his or her person or genitals in any public place, or in any place where there are present other persons, is guilty of a felony. Penalties can range from 30 days in county jail to 10 years in state prison, with associated fines. Obscene Language (Oklahoma Statutes §21-906): It is unlawful for any person to utter or speak any obscene or lascivious language or word in any public place, or in the presence of females, or in the presence of children. Obscene Material (Oklahoma Statutes §21-1040.8): Publication, distribution, or possession with intent to distribute obscene materials is a misdemeanor. Obscene material is generally defined by a test that considers whether the material, applying contemporary adult community standards, appeals to prurient interest, depicts sexual conduct in a patently offensive way, and lacks serious literary, artistic, political, or scientific value. Lewd or Indecent Proposals (Oklahoma Statutes §21-1123): It is a felony for any person to knowingly and intentionally make any oral, written, or electronically or computer-generated lewd or indecent proposal to a minor. Public Nudity/Improper Dress: Some municipal codes, such as Okmulgee, make it unlawful for any person to appear in any public place in a state of nudity or in any offensive, indecent, or lewd dress.

Similar to zoning, licensing requirements for adult businesses are largely determined by individual municipalities within Oklahoma. There isn't a single, comprehensive state-level licensing body for all adult businesses; instead, local governments issue permits and licenses based on their specific ordinances. Examples of Municipal Licensing Requirements: * Tulsa: Requires a license for sexually oriented businesses, with applications for adult amusement or entertainment and sexual encounter establishments. * Poteau: Chapter 8 of Poteau's Code of Ordinances outlines classifications of licenses, requiring both a sexually oriented business license and a sexually oriented business employee license. * Lawton: Requires licenses for adult businesses and specifies that a licensee or employee commits an offense if they knowingly allow a person under 18 to enter or remain on the premises. Businesses typically need to apply for and renew these licenses periodically, often annually. The specific fees and application processes vary by city.

Oklahoma has recently implemented and proposed legislation regarding age verification for digital platforms, particularly those with adult content. Age Verification for Adult Websites (Senate Bill 1959): Effective January 1, 2025, Oklahoma Senate Bill 1959 prohibits commercial entities from distributing adult material without age verification. This law requires adult websites to verify the age of users accessing their content. This has led to some major adult content platforms restricting access to users in Oklahoma. Digital Platform Regulations Affecting Sexual Content (House Bill 1217): House Bill 1217, passed by the Oklahoma House of Representatives, restricts online access to pornography for individuals under the age of 18. While the stated intent is not to censor content on social media platforms, it aims to prevent access by minors to sexually explicit or obscene acts in public places. General Digital Platform Regulations: Oklahoma's social media policy prohibits obscene sexual content or links to obscene sexual content, abusive behavior, and bullying language or tone on state-run social media platforms. Additionally, Oklahoma Statutes §21-1172 addresses obscene, threatening, or harassing telecommunication or other electronic communications.

Oklahoma's approach to regulating human sexuality and related businesses often involves a combination of state statutes and local municipal ordinances. A notable aspect is the state's recent focus on age verification for online adult content and the broad definition of obscenity that can apply to public performances. * HIV-Related Prostitution: Engaging in prostitution while knowing one has HIV is a felony, carrying a more severe penalty than standard prostitution charges. * Municipal Control: Many regulations concerning adult businesses, including zoning and licensing, are delegated to local municipalities, leading to variations across cities. * Online Age Verification: Oklahoma is one of the states that has enacted laws requiring age verification for commercial entities distributing adult material online, leading to some platforms restricting access in the state.

Oklahoma has seen recent legislative activity concerning public obscenity and online content: * House Bill 1217 (2025): This bill, passed by the Senate, prohibits individuals from performing sexually explicit or obscene acts in public places. This legislation could impact various forms of public entertainment and expression. * Senate Bill 1959 (effective January 1, 2025): This law mandates age verification for commercial entities distributing adult material online. Its implementation has already led to significant changes in how adult content is accessed within the state.

* Oklahoma Criminal Code Section 21-1030: Definitions * Oklahoma Criminal Code Section 21-1029: Engaging in, Soliciting, or Procuring Prostitution * Oklahoma Statutes §21-1040.55 (2024): Adult cabaret and sexually oriented business exterior advertising signs - Requirements. * Oklahoma City Code of Ordinances, Article XIV - Adult Novelties and Adult Novelty Shops (§ 30-405 to § 30-411). * Oklahoma Statutes §11-22-109.1 (2024): Location of adult novelty shops (subject to nondiscriminatory zoning ordinances). * Oklahoma Statutes §21-1021: Indecent Exposure * Oklahoma Statutes §21-906: Obscene language * Oklahoma Statutes §21-1040.8: Publication, distribution, or possession of obscene materials * Oklahoma Statutes §21-1123: Lewd or indecent proposals * Oklahoma Senate Bill 1217 (2025) * Okmulgee Code of Ordinances, 9.28.070: Nudity, Improper Dress or Indecent Exposure * Tulsa Revised Ordinances, Title 42 (Zoning Code) and Chapter 17 (Sexually Oriented Businesses) * Lawton Code of Ordinances, Article 7-13 (Adult Businesses, Sexually Oriented Businesses, and Massage Parlors) * Poteau Code of Ordinances, Chapter 8 (Sexually Oriented Businesses) * Oklahoma Senate Bill 1959 (effective January 1, 2025) * Oklahoma House Bill 1217 (passed April 23, 2024) * Oklahoma Statutes §21-1172: Obscene, threatening or harassing telecommunication or other electronic communications

• Oregon Revised Statutes Chapter 167 (Offenses Against Public Order). (2024). Oregon Legislative Assembly. https://www.oregonlegislature.gov/ • Sex Education Collaborative. (2024). Oregon state profile. https://sexeducationcollaborative.org/states/oregon • Oregon Department of Education. (2024). Health education standards. https://www.oregon.gov/ode/

Prostitution is illegal in Oregon. ORS 167.007 states that a person commits the crime of prostitution if they engage in, or offer or agree to engage in, sexual conduct or sexual contact in return for a fee. While some activities related to sex work are decriminalized, prostitution itself is not legal. In 1971, Oregon became the first state to decriminalize adult consensual sex work between two adults, meaning selling or buying sex is not considered a crime. However, promoting or soliciting prostitution, running a brothel, and engaging in sex work with a minor are still illegal. Penalties: Patronizing a prostitute: A first offense is a Class A misdemeanor, punishable by a fine of up to $6,250 and up to one year in jail. A second offense is a Class C felony, with penalties of up to five years in prison and a fine of up to $125,000. Promoting prostitution: This is a Class C felony, punishable by up to five years in prison and a fine of up to $125,000. If minors are involved, the minimum sentence is 100 months in prison. Sex trafficking (forced prostitution): This is a Class B felony, punishable by up to 20 years in prison and a fine of up to $375,000. Penalties increase if the victim is a minor or if force/violence is used. Racketeering: Engaging in a pattern of unlawful activity, such as operating a prostitution ring, can lead to a Class A felony charge, punishable by up to 20 years in prison and a fine of up to $375,000. Registered sex offender: Conviction for certain prostitution-related offenses may require registration as a sex offender. Portland Specifics: Portland has implemented unique laws, including increased penalties for johns (buyers of sex), mandatory fines, human trafficking classes, and vehicle impoundment for first-time offenses. Portland also has a "Trauma-Informed Prostitution Diversion" program and a "John School" program.

Brothels are illegal in Oregon. Activities related to promoting prostitution, which includes operating a brothel, are prohibited. Adult entertainment establishments are generally regulated at the local level through city and county ordinances, often focusing on zoning, licensing, and conduct within the establishments. Many cities and counties in Oregon have specific chapters in their municipal codes dedicated to adult entertainment or sexually oriented businesses. These ordinances often define what constitutes an adult business and set forth regulations regarding their operation, including distance requirements from residential areas, schools, and other adult businesses. House Bill 2743, introduced in 2025, aims to enhance safety and health standards in adult entertainment establishments and requires them to be registered with the Oregon Liquor and Cannabis Commission (OLCC) to operate.

The sale of sex toys and adult retail products is generally legal in Oregon. Regulations primarily focus on the classification of these businesses as "adult businesses" or "sexually oriented businesses" under local ordinances, which then subjects them to specific zoning and licensing requirements. Similar to adult entertainment establishments, adult retail stores are regulated at the local level. These ordinances often define an "adult bookstore" or "adult video store" and include them in the category of sexually oriented businesses. While there isn't a statewide law explicitly prohibiting minors from entering sex shops, many stores have their own policies to restrict entry to adults. ORS 167.080 makes it a crime to display obscene materials to minors, which can indirectly affect how adult retail stores operate.

Oregon has a unique history with obscenity laws. In State v. Henry, the Oregon Supreme Court ruled that the state's obscenity statute was unconstitutional, making Oregon the only state to abolish the offense of obscenity in its state law. However, obscenity remains a federal offense. Public indecency is a crime in Oregon under ORS 163.465. A person commits public indecency if they perform an act of sexual intercourse or expose their genitals in a public place or in view of a public place. Public indecency is a Class A misdemeanor.

Zoning for adult businesses is primarily handled at the local level through city and county ordinances. These ordinances typically restrict the location of adult businesses, requiring them to be a certain distance from schools, parks, residential areas, and other adult businesses. The goal of these zoning laws is to mitigate the secondary effects of adult businesses, not to ban them entirely. Some cities, like Hillsboro, do not have specific zoning for adult businesses, treating them like any other business.

Oregon does not have a general statewide business license. Licensing for adult businesses is handled at the local level. Cities and counties may require special licenses or permits for adult businesses to operate. These licenses often come with specific requirements, such as background checks for owners and employees, and adherence to specific operating standards. For example, some ordinances require that applicants for an adult business permit be at least 18 years of age.

Oregon does not currently have a law requiring age verification for digital platforms with adult content. A proposed bill, HB 2032, which would have required commercial entities to verify the age of individuals accessing sexual material harmful to minors, failed to pass. Another bill, SB 257, also proposed age verification for pornography access but did not pass. Therefore, there are no state-mandated age verification requirements for accessing adult content online in Oregon.

Decriminalization of Sex Work (1971): Oregon was the first state to decriminalize consensual sex work between adults. State v. Henry: This Oregon Supreme Court case abolished the state's obscenity law, making Oregon unique in its approach to obscenity.

HB 2743 (2025): Proposes to enhance safety and health standards in adult entertainment establishments and require registration with the OLCC. HB 2032 and SB 257 (Failed): These bills aimed to introduce age verification requirements for accessing adult content online but did not pass.

ORS 167.007, ORS 167.008, ORS 163.266, ORS 163.465, ORS 167.080

• Pennsylvania Consolidated Statutes Title 18 (Crimes Code). (2024). Pennsylvania General Assembly. https://www.legis.state.pa.us/ • Sex Education Collaborative. (2024). Pennsylvania state profile. https://sexeducationcollaborative.org/states/pennsylvania • Pennsylvania Department of Education. (2024). Health, safety and physical education standards. https://www.education.pa.gov/

Under Pennsylvania law, prostitution involves a person performing sexual acts for money or something of value. Both offering and soliciting prostitution are illegal. Promoting and pandering to prostitution are also criminalized. Individuals who loiter in a public place seeking opportunities to engage in prostitution or patronize prostitutes at a brothel or house of prostitution can also face charges. Legal Status: Illegal throughout the state. Statutory Definition of Prostitution in Pennsylvania: A person is guilty of prostitution if they: 1. Are an inmate of a house of prostitution or otherwise engages in sexual activity for money 2. Loiter in a public place for the purpose of prostitution Grading of the Offenses: - First or second offense: Misdemeanor of the third degree (maximum sentence of up to one year in prison). - Third offense: Second-degree misdemeanor charges (up to two years in prison). - Fourth or subsequent offense: Misdemeanor of the first-degree charge (up to five years' imprisonment). - If the defendant knows they were HIV positive: Felony of the third degree. Promoting Prostitution: - Between a second-degree misdemeanor to third-degree felony charges, depending on the facts of the case. - If promoting child prostitution, operating/managing a house of prostitution, or promoting prostitution of someone infected with HIV or AIDS: up to seven years in prison. Patronizing Prostitutes: - Charged for hiring someone to engage in sexual activity or enter a house of prostitution for the purpose of engaging in sexual activity. Penalties: - Fines and mandatory registration as a sex offender under Pennsylvania’s Megan’s Law statute for prostitution of a minor (up to $25,000 fine and up to seven years in prison). Defenses to Prostitution Charges: - The defendant did not perform the sexual activity for a business purpose - Entrapment - Actual innocence

There is no specific "brothel law" in Pennsylvania; brothels are illegal under the state's prostitution laws (Penn. Statutes Title 18, § 5902), which criminalize operating a house of prostitution. Adult entertainment establishments are subject to specific regulations, often at the municipal level, including zoning restrictions and operational requirements. Key Regulations for Adult Entertainment Establishments: - Prohibiting minors under 18 years of age on the premises. - Restrictions on the installation of enclosed booths, cubicles, rooms, or stalls within adult-oriented establishments. - Zoning restrictions often dictate where these businesses can be located, including proximity to other adult entertainment facilities or public/private institutions.

Sex toy stores and adult retail businesses are generally classified as "adult-oriented establishments" or "sexually oriented businesses" under Pennsylvania law and local ordinances. As such, they are subject to regulations similar to those for adult entertainment establishments, primarily focusing on zoning and age restrictions. Key Regulations: - Prohibiting minors from loitering or being employed on the premises. - Subject to stringent zoning regulations, often restricting their location relative to residential areas, schools, churches, and other sensitive uses. - May have restrictions on the internal layout, such as prohibiting enclosed booths or private viewing areas.

Pennsylvania law defines and criminalizes the creation, possession, display, and distribution of obscene materials and performances. Public decency laws also address acts like indecent exposure and open lewdness. Definition of Obscenity (based on Miller v. California guidelines, codified in PA law): Material or performance is obscene if: 1. The average person, applying contemporary community standards, would find that the work, taken as a whole, appeals to the prurient interest. 2. The work depicts or describes, in a patently offensive way, sexual conduct specifically defined by the applicable state law. 3. The work, taken as a whole, lacks serious literary, artistic, political, or scientific value. Penalties for Obscenity: - Vary depending on the specific offense, but can include misdemeanors and felonies. Indecent Exposure: - Generally a second-degree misdemeanor. - Can be a first-degree misdemeanor if the witness to the exposure is under 16 years of age. Open Lewdness: - Third-degree misdemeanor.

Zoning laws for adult businesses in Pennsylvania are primarily regulated at the municipal level through local zoning ordinances. These ordinances aim to control the location of sexually oriented businesses to mitigate potential negative impacts on surrounding communities. Key aspects of zoning laws: - Location restrictions: Adult businesses are often restricted to specific zoning districts (e.g., industrial or commercial zones) and prohibited from operating near residential areas, schools, churches, parks, or other sensitive uses. - Separation requirements: Ordinances may mandate minimum distances between adult businesses and other adult businesses, as well as between adult businesses and protected uses. - Special exceptions or permits: Many municipalities require adult businesses to obtain special exception permits or conditional use permits from the local zoning hearing board before operating. - Building and operational requirements: Zoning ordinances may also include regulations regarding the physical layout of the establishment, signage, and hours of operation. State-level guidance: - While specific zoning is local, state law (e.g., Penn. Statutes Title 68, Chapter 55) defines "adult-oriented establishment," which provides a basis for local regulation.

Licensing and permit requirements for adult businesses in Pennsylvania are predominantly established and enforced at the municipal level. Many local governments have enacted ordinances that mandate specific licenses for the operation of sexually oriented businesses and, in some cases, for their employees. Key aspects of licensing requirements: - Municipal permits/licenses: Adult businesses typically need to apply for and obtain specific permits or licenses from the local municipality where they operate. These are often distinct from general business licenses. - Application process: The application usually involves submitting detailed forms, which may require information about the business owner(s), operators, and the nature of the business. - Employee licenses: Some municipalities also require individual employees of adult entertainment establishments to obtain separate licenses. - Background checks: Licensing procedures may include background checks for applicants and employees to ensure compliance with local regulations and to prevent individuals with certain criminal histories from operating or working in such establishments. - Compliance with regulations: Obtaining a license often signifies an agreement to comply with all local zoning, operational, and public decency regulations.

As of the current date (August 16, 2025), Pennsylvania does not have a law requiring age verification for access to online pornography or other digital platforms with adult content. However, there are ongoing legislative efforts to introduce such requirements. Current Status: No enacted state-level law specifically mandating age verification for digital platforms with adult content, but legislative proposals are under consideration.

- "Brothel law" myth: There is a widespread but false rumor in Pennsylvania that if more than a certain number of women (often cited as three or six) live together, the residence is considered a brothel. This is a myth, and no such state law exists. Brothels are illegal under general prostitution statutes. - Historical legality of bestiality: Due to a legislative oversight, bestiality was not explicitly illegal in Pennsylvania between 1995 and 1999. - "Voluntary deviate sexual intercourse": Historically, Pennsylvania law included an offense called "voluntary deviate sexual intercourse," which criminalized oral or anal sex. This law has since been repealed. - Megan's Law: Pennsylvania has a robust Megan's Law requiring individuals convicted of certain sex offenses to register as sex offenders. The specifics of this law, including different tiers of offenders and associated penalties, are notable. - LGBTQ+ Protections: While not directly related to sex work or adult businesses, Pennsylvania has made strides in LGBTQ+ equality, with discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity explicitly banned in the state since June 2023, primarily through interpretations and amendments to the Pennsylvania Human Relations Act.

- Sex Offender Registry: A new law (signed July 1, 2025) aims to strengthen protections for children from sexual abuse in youth sports and nonprofit programs by closing loopholes in the sex offender registry. There is also an ongoing challenge to amended Megan's Law regarding lifetime registration for some offenders. - Child Sexual Abuse Law: Pennsylvania law permits survivors of childhood sexual abuse to file civil lawsuits against their abusers until the age of 55. - Gender-related Legislation: - "Two Gender Protection Act" (PA SB213, 2025-2026 legislative session): Proposed legislation to establish a legal framework recognizing only two biological sexes (male and female). - House Bill 2421 (2023 session): Proposed legislation to prohibit gender transition procedures for minors and related insurance coverage. - Prostitution Decriminalization Efforts: A Pittsburgh City Council member is proposing a bill to reduce prostitution penalties from a misdemeanor to a finable offense (summary violation) not exceeding $100. - Age Verification for Online Adult Content: While no state law is currently enacted, Senate Bill 603 is proposed to require pornography websites to implement reasonable age verification methods. Other bills are also being considered for social media age verification for minors. - Cannabis Legalization: Several bipartisan bills (e.g., HB 20, SB 120, and others) have been introduced in 2025 to legalize adult-use cannabis in Pennsylvania, which could impact related regulatory frameworks.

Penn. Statutes Title 18, § 5902 (Prostitution, Brothels) Penn. Statutes Title 68, Chapter 55 (Adult-Oriented Establishments, Adult Retail, Zoning) Penn. Statutes Title 18, § 5903 (Obscenity) Penn. Statutes Title 18, § 3127 (Indecent Exposure) Penn. Statutes Title 18, § 5901 (Open Lewdness) Municipal ordinances (e.g., Township of Penn, City of New Castle, Blossburg Borough, Philadelphia, Reading, White Oak, Clifton Township, Johnstown, Franklin, Connoquenessing Borough) for zoning and licensing. Proposed Legislation: Senate Bill 603 (SB 603), House Bill 2421, PA SB213, HB 20, SB 120.

• Rhode Island General Laws Title 11 (Criminal Offenses). (2024). Rhode Island General Assembly. http://webserver.rilin.state.ri.us/ • Sex Education Collaborative. (2024). Rhode Island state profile. https://sexeducationcollaborative.org/states/rhode-island • Rhode Island Department of Education. (2024). Health education standards. https://www.ride.ri.gov/

Prostitution is illegal in Rhode Island. It was decriminalized indoors from 1980 to 2009 due to a loophole in the law, but this was closed in 2009. A person found guilty of prostitution is subject to imprisonment for a term not exceeding six (6) months, or to a fine of not less than two hundred fifty dollars ($250) nor more than one thousand dollars ($1,000), or both. For a subsequent offense, the penalty is imprisonment for a term of not more than one year, or a fine of not less than five hundred dollars ($500) nor more than one thousand dollars ($1,000), or both. It is an affirmative defense if the accused was forced to commit a commercial sexual activity by: (1) Being threatened or subjected to physical harm; (2) Being physically restrained or threatened to be physically restrained; (3) Being subject to threats of abuse of law or legal process; (4) Being subject to destruction, concealment, removal, or confiscation, of any passport or other immigration document or any other actual or purported governmental identification document; or (5) Being subject to intimidation in which the accused’s physical well being was perceived as threatened.

Brothels were implicitly legal in Rhode Island during the period of indoor prostitution decriminalization (1980-2009). However, with the closure of the loophole in 2009, brothels are now illegal. Adult entertainment establishments are regulated at the municipal level, with various cities and towns having their own ordinances regarding licensing, zoning, and operation. For example, the Town of Johnston and the City of East Providence have specific licensing fees for adult entertainment. Some municipalities also have regulations regarding age restrictions for performers and patrons, and the types of activities permitted. Generally, adult entertainment establishments are subject to local zoning ordinances that restrict their location.

Regulations for sex toy stores and adult retail businesses are primarily handled at the municipal level, often falling under general adult entertainment or sexually oriented business ordinances. These businesses may require specific licenses and are subject to zoning restrictions, similar to other adult entertainment establishments. Some municipalities, like the Town of Lincoln, require a specific application and license from the Town Council to operate an adult entertainment specialty shop. There isn't a single statewide law specifically regulating sex toy sales, but local ordinances may impose restrictions on their location, signage, and operation.

Rhode Island has laws addressing obscenity and indecent exposure. Chapter 11-31 of the Rhode Island General Laws, titled "Obscene and Objectionable Publications and Shows," outlines regulations concerning the circulation of obscene publications and shows. Section 11-31-1 specifically addresses the circulation of obscene materials for commercial gain. There are also provisions for injunctive proceedings by the attorney general (Section 11-31-13) to prevent the dissemination of obscene material. Additionally, Section 11-45-2 addresses indecent exposure, prohibiting the exposure of genitals under circumstances likely to cause affront, distress, or alarm. Rhode Island is one of the few states that does not have legislation protecting librarians from charges of obscenity.

Zoning for adult businesses in Rhode Island is primarily handled at the municipal level. Cities and towns have ordinances that restrict the location of adult entertainment establishments, often limiting them to specific industrial or commercial zones and imposing distance requirements from residential areas, schools, churches, and other sensitive locations. For example, Cranston, RI, prohibits adult entertainment uses in all zoning districts except industrial zones, and only upon the grant of a special permit. Providence also has specific zoning ordinances defining "adult use" businesses. These local zoning laws aim to control the concentration and impact of adult businesses within communities.

Licensing for adult businesses in Rhode Island is typically managed at the municipal level. Requirements vary by city and town but generally involve obtaining an adult entertainment license or a sexually oriented business license from the local licensing board or town council. These licenses often come with annual fees, which can vary significantly (e.g., $500 in Johnston, $2,000 in East Providence for sexually oriented businesses). Applicants may need to provide business plans, demonstrate compliance with local zoning and safety regulations, and undergo background checks. Some municipalities also have specific licensing requirements for performers in adult entertainment establishments.

As of August 2025, Rhode Island does not have a specific law requiring age verification for access to online pornography or other digital platforms with adult content. However, there have been legislative efforts and proposed bills related to age restrictions for social media usage, such as a House bill in 2025 proposing an 18 and over age requirement for social media accounts. While these bills primarily target social media, they indicate a growing legislative interest in protecting minors online. Currently, there is no statewide mandate for ID upload for age verification to access online pornography in Rhode Island.

Rhode Island is notable for its unique history regarding prostitution. From 1980 to 2009, indoor prostitution was decriminalized due to a legislative oversight where the law only criminalized prostitution in public places. This made Rhode Island the only state where indoor prostitution was not explicitly illegal for a period. This loophole was closed in 2009 with the passage of Rhode Island General Laws Section 11-34.1-2, which criminalized all forms of prostitution. Another notable aspect is the decentralized nature of adult business regulation, with significant authority vested in local municipalities for zoning and licensing.

Recent legislative discussions in Rhode Island have focused on social media age restrictions, with a House bill in 2025 proposing an 18 and over age requirement for social media accounts (H 5291). There have also been ongoing discussions and proposed bills related to the decriminalization of commercial sexual activity, though the 2009 law criminalizing all forms of prostitution remains in effect. For example, in June 2024, the RI House Judiciary Committee passed a bill (H 7165A) that is considered a step toward decriminalizing prostitution, indicating continued debate on the topic. Additionally, there are ongoing efforts to regulate and license the cannabis industry, which, while not directly related to sexuality, involves adult-use businesses and licensing frameworks for which Rhode Island has established specific licensing and zoning regulations.

Rhode Island General Laws Section 11-34.1-2. (2024) - Prostitution. Rhode Island General Laws Chapter 11-31 - Obscene and Objectionable Publications and Shows. Rhode Island General Laws Section 11-31-1. - Circulation of obscene publications and shows. Rhode Island General Laws Section 11-31-13. - Injunctive proceedings by attorney general. Rhode Island General Laws Section 11-45-2. - Indecent exposure.

• South Carolina Code of Laws Title 16 (Crimes and Offenses). (2024). South Carolina Legislature. https://www.scstatehouse.gov/ • Sex Education Collaborative. (2024). South Carolina state profile. https://sexeducationcollaborative.org/states/south-carolina • South Carolina Department of Education. (2024). Health and safety education standards. https://ed.sc.gov/

South Carolina Code Section 16-15-90 (2024) makes it unlawful to engage in prostitution; aid or abet prostitution knowingly; procure or solicit for the purpose of prostitution; expose indecently the private person for the purpose of prostitution or other indecency; reside in, enter or remain in any place, structure, building, vehicle, trailer or conveyance for the purpose of lewdness, assignation or prostitution; direct, take or transport, offer or agree to take or transport or aid or assist in transporting any person to any vehicle, conveyance, trailer, place, structure or building or to any other person with knowledge or having reasonable cause to believe that the purpose of such directing, taking or transporting is prostitution, lewdness or assignation; lease or rent or contract to lease or rent any vehicle, conveyance, trailer, place, structure or building or part thereof believing or having reasonable cause to believe that it is intended to be used for any of the purposes herein prohibited; or aid, abet, or participate knowingly in the doing of any of the acts herein prohibited. Penalties for Prostitution in South Carolina: First offense: fine of up to $200, or up to 30 days in jail. Second offense: fine of up to $1,000, or six months in jail, or both. Additional offenses: prison sentence of at least a year, a fine of up to $3,000, or both. Increased Penalties for Crimes Involving (or Near) Minors: Within 100 yards of a childcare facility: fined up to $10,000, and imprisoned for up to ten years (or both). Promoting prostitution of a child under 18: fined up to $5,000, and sentenced to up to ten years in prison. Sex Offender Registration: Promoting the prostitution of a child under the age of 18 requires registration on the Central Registry of Child Abuse and Neglect.

Keeping or setting up a house of ill fame, brothel, or bawdyhouse is unlawful under South Carolina Code Section 16-15-90 (2024). Adult Entertainment Establishment Laws: South Carolina Bill 585 (2023-2024) proposes to prohibit adult cabaret performances on public property. Local ordinances, such as those in Horry County, Greenville County, and Santee, regulate sexually oriented businesses, often requiring permits/licenses and adhering to zoning compliance. Full nudity may be illegal in some establishments, and certain restrictions apply to performers and patrons.

Sexually oriented businesses, which can include sex toy shops and adult retail stores, are regulated at the local level in South Carolina. Examples of such regulations are found in the ordinances of Prosperity, Santee, Greenville County, Horry County, Anderson, Charleston County, Swansea, and Newberry County. These regulations often require specific permits and licenses for operation and are subject to zoning laws. Some ordinances also restrict the admission of persons under 18 years of age to adult stores.

South Carolina Code Section 16-15-305 (2024) makes it unlawful to knowingly disseminate obscenity. This includes selling, delivering, presenting, publishing, or exhibiting obscene material or performances. Material is considered obscene if: 1. To the average person applying contemporary community standards, it depicts sexual conduct in a patently offensive way. 2. It appeals to the prurient interest in sex. 3. It lacks serious literary, artistic, political, or scientific value. "Sexual conduct" is broadly defined to include various acts of intercourse, masturbation, lewd exhibition of genitals, bestiality, sado-masochistic abuse, and touching of sexual areas. "Patently offensive" means obviously disagreeable to contemporary standards of decency. "Prurient interest" refers to a shameful or morbid interest in nudity, sex, or excretion. Penalties for violating this section include imprisonment for not more than five years or a fine of not more than ten thousand dollars, or both. Obscene material is considered contraband and may be seized.

Zoning laws for adult businesses in South Carolina are primarily regulated at the local level. Various counties and towns have specific ordinances governing the location and operation of sexually oriented businesses. These regulations often require special permits and licenses, and may include restrictions on proximity to residential areas, schools, churches, or other sensitive locations. Examples of such local regulations can be found in: * Horry County: Adult Entertainment businesses are strictly regulated and require zoning compliance. * Lexington County: Requires a Sexually Oriented Business Zoning Permit, accompanied by a site plan. * Greenville County: Permit applications for sexually oriented businesses must be made through the zoning department and include a sketch or diagram. * Charleston County: Defines various types of sexually oriented businesses and likely has specific zoning requirements for each. * Anderson: Specifies operating hours for sexually oriented businesses (e.g., closed between 12:00 midnight and 6:00 a.m.). * Newberry County: Sexually oriented businesses may be permitted by special exception in certain zoning districts (e.g., GC zoning district) with approval from the Board of Zoning Appeals. * Town of Swansea: Requires permits and licenses to be posted in a conspicuous place.

Licensing and permit requirements for adult businesses in South Carolina are largely determined by local ordinances. Sexually oriented businesses are typically required to obtain specific permits and licenses from the town or county in which they operate. Examples of such requirements include: * Prosperity: Requires a valid permit and/or license for sexually oriented businesses. * Greenville County: Operating a sexually oriented business without a valid permit is a misdemeanor. * Santee: Requires a valid permit and/or license for sexually oriented businesses. * Town of Swansea: Specifies an annual fee for sexually oriented business permits and/or licenses. * Anderson: Sexually oriented businesses are not required to obtain a conditional use permit or special use permit, but are subject to other regulations. * Easley: Has an application form for sexually-oriented business permits, covering various types of adult businesses. * Richland County: The License Official approves or denies applications for sexually oriented business licenses within 30 days. * Lexington County: Requires existing sexually oriented businesses to apply for a Sexually Oriented Business Zoning Permit.

South Carolina has enacted the 2024 Child Online Safety Act (HB 3424), which went into effect on January 1, 2025. This law requires adult entertainment websites to use "commercially reasonable" methods to verify users' ages to prevent minors from accessing pornographic content. Methods can include digitized identification cards or independent, third-party age-verification services. Websites failing to vet user ages can be held criminally liable and sued for damages. This law has led to many major pornographic websites restricting access to users in South Carolina or requiring age verification. Some adult entertainment conglomerates, like Aylo (owner of Pornhub), have restricted access to South Carolina-based IP addresses due to concerns about managing sensitive user data and potential liability.

* Sodomy: South Carolina law still makes it illegal to engage in sodomy, despite the US Supreme Court ruling anti-sodomy laws unconstitutional. * Seduction: A male over the age of sixteen who seduces an unmarried woman by means of deception and promise of marriage is guilty of a misdemeanor (South Carolina Code of Laws Unannotated, Title 16, Chapter 15).

* 2024 Child Online Safety Act (HB 3424): Effective January 1, 2025, this law requires adult entertainment websites to implement "commercially reasonable" age verification methods to prevent minors from accessing pornographic content. This has led to many adult websites restricting access in South Carolina. * Bill 585 (2023-2024): Proposes to prohibit adult cabaret performances on public property. * Bill 4123 (2025-2026): The "Protection of Minors from Pornography and Obscenities Act" aims to amend the South Carolina Code of Laws to redefine and strengthen laws against pornography and obscenities, particularly concerning minors. * Bill S 235 (2025-2026): Amends the state's anti-prostitution law to specifically include "sexual grooming" and other related offenses. * Bill 3506 (2025-2026): Proposes to add Article 29 to Chapter 1, Title 1 of the South Carolina Code of Laws to provide definitions and other rules of construction related to human biological sexes.

* 2024 Child Online Safety Act (HB 3424): Effective January 1, 2025, this law requires adult entertainment websites to implement "commercially reasonable" age verification methods to prevent minors from accessing pornographic content. This has led to many adult websites restricting access in South Carolina. * Bill 585 (2023-2024): Proposes to prohibit adult cabaret performances on public property. * Bill 4123 (2025-2026): The "Protection of Minors from Pornography and Obscenities Act" aims to amend the South Carolina Code of Laws to redefine and strengthen laws against pornography and obscenities, particularly concerning minors. * Bill S 235 (2025-2026): Amends the state's anti-prostitution law to specifically include "sexual grooming" and other related offenses. * Bill 3506 (2025-2026): Proposes to add Article 29 to Chapter 1, Title 1 of the South Carolina Code of Laws to provide definitions and other rules of construction related to human biological sexes.

• South Dakota Codified Laws Title 22 (Crimes). (2024). South Dakota Legislature. http://sdlegislature.gov/ • Sex Education Collaborative. (2024). South Dakota state profile. https://sexeducationcollaborative.org/states/south-dakota • South Dakota Department of Education. (2024). Health education content standards. https://doe.sd.gov/

Prostitution is illegal in South Dakota. South Dakota Codified Law (SDCL) 22-23-1 defines prostitution as a person 18 years or older engaging in or offering to engage in sexual activity for a fee or other compensation, which is a Class 1 misdemeanor. Promoting prostitution (pimping or permitting prostitution on premises) is generally a Class 5 felony (SDCL 22-23-8). Hiring for sexual activity is also illegal (SDCL 22-23-9). An affirmative defense to a charge of prostitution exists if the defendant proves by a preponderance of the evidence that they are a victim of human trafficking (SDCL 22-23-1.2).

Brothels are illegal in Tennessee as patronizing prostitution includes going to a brothel or house of prostitution for sexual activity. Promoting prostitution, which includes owning, managing, or supervising a prostitution business, is a felony offense. Adult entertainment establishments are regulated by state laws, including T.C.A. §§ 7-51-1101, et seq. (Adult-Oriented Establishment Registration Act of 1998). This act defines and covers adult bookstores, adult mini-motion and motion picture theaters, adult cabarets, escort agencies, sexual-encounter centers, massage parlors, rap parlors, saunas, and similar businesses. The act prohibits adult businesses within 1,000 feet of any child-care facility, school, public park, residence, family recreation center, or place of worship. T.C.A. § 57-4-204 prohibits certain sexual and pornographic conduct in establishments that sell intoxicating liquor.

Adult retail businesses, including adult bookstores, are regulated under T.C.A. §§ 7-51-1101, et seq. (Adult-Oriented Establishment Registration Act of 1998). These businesses are subject to the same zoning and licensing requirements as other adult-oriented establishments. The act defines 'adult bookstore' as a business that offers, as its principal or predominate stock or trade, sexually oriented material, devices, or paraphernalia.

Tennessee obscenity laws are primarily defined in T.C.A. § 39-17-901, et seq. 'Obscene' is defined as: (A) The average person applying contemporary community standards would find that the work, taken as a whole, appeals to the prurient interest; (B) The average person applying contemporary community standards would find that the work depicts or describes, in a patently offensive way, sexual conduct; and (C) The work, taken as a whole, lacks serious literary, artistic, political, or scientific value. 'Public indecency' is prohibited under T.C.A. § 39-13-517, which includes engaging in sexual intercourse, masturbation, or lewd exhibition of genitals in a public place. First and second offenses are Class B misdemeanors ($500 fine), and a third or subsequent offense is a Class A misdemeanor ($1,500 fine and/or up to 11 months, 29 days jail).

Zoning for adult businesses is primarily regulated by the Adult-Oriented Establishment Registration Act of 1998 (T.C.A. §§ 7-51-1101, et seq.). This act prohibits adult businesses within 1,000 feet of any child-care facility, school, public park, residence, family recreation center, or place of worship. Municipalities can also adopt and enforce their own ordinances setting distance requirements and other zoning provisions. The approach to regulation is often based on controlling 'secondary effects' of such businesses.

In counties that have adopted the Adult-Oriented Establishment Registration Act of 1998, adult businesses must obtain a license from the county. The act prescribes rules and regulations, and an adult-oriented establishment board (created by the county) can adopt additional rules and suspend/revoke licenses. Municipalities that disqualify persons with criminal records from operating or performing in these establishments are required to conduct criminal records checks through the TBI and FBI. T.C.A. § 27-9-111 mandates judicial review of decisions by boards and commissions that revoke, suspend, or deny permits or licenses for adult businesses.

Tennessee has enacted laws requiring age verification for digital platforms with adult content, notably the Protect Tennessee Minors Act. This law mandates age-verification requirements to access websites with erotic and sexual content, threatening felony penalties and possible civil action for non-compliance. Some reports indicate that Tennessee is the only state to require forms of identification to be uploaded every 60 minutes to view restricted websites. There have been legal challenges to this law based on free speech concerns.

Tennessee has unique laws such as the requirement for certain forms of identification to be uploaded every 60 minutes to view restricted adult websites, which is reportedly unique among states. The state also has laws regarding sex education curriculum, often emphasizing abstinence. Additionally, there are specific prohibitions against bestiality and photographing sexual acts with animals. The Tennessee Adult Entertainment Act, also known as the Tennessee drag ban, was an anti-drag bill that banned public 'adult cabaret performance.’

Recent legislative changes include the implementation of the Protect Tennessee Minors Act, requiring age verification for adult content websites, which went into effect despite legal challenges. There are also new laws combating deepfakes and AI-generated child pornography, classifying possession of such tools as a Class E felony, distribution as a Class C felony, and production as a Class C felony. Additionally, HIV-positive individuals convicted of sex work under the aggravated prostitution law will no longer be required to face a lifetime sex offender registration.

T.C.A. §§ 7-51-1101, et seq. (Adult-Oriented Establishment Registration Act of 1998); T.C.A. § 7-51-1121; T.C.A. § 7-51-1122; T.C.A. § 27-9-111; T.C.A. § 57-4-204; T.C.A. § 39-13-517 (Public Indecency); T.C.A. 39-13-513 (Prostitution); T.C.A. 39-13-514 (Patronizing Prostitution); T.C.A. 39-13-515 (Promoting Prostitution); T.C.A. 39-13-516 (Aggravated Prostitution); T.C.A. § 39-17-901, et seq. (Obscenity); T.C.A. § 39-13-511 (Indecent Exposure).

• Tennessee Code Annotated Title 39 (Criminal Offenses). (2024). Tennessee General Assembly. http://www.capitol.tn.gov/ • Sex Education Collaborative. (2024). Tennessee state profile. https://sexeducationcollaborative.org/states/tennessee • Tennessee Department of Education. (2024). Health education standards. https://www.tn.gov/education/

Utah prohibits prostitution and related offenses. This includes engaging in sexual activities for a fee, offering or agreeing to exchange sex for money (sexual solicitation), and loitering in public to find customers. Cities and towns may also have local ordinances. Penalties for Prostitution and Solicitation: * First conviction: Class B misdemeanor (up to six months jail, $1,000 fine). * Subsequent violations: Class A misdemeanor (up to 364 days jail, $2,500 fine). Penalties for Patronizing a Prostitute: * First offense: Class A misdemeanor (up to 364 days jail, $2,500 fine). Most convictions require the maximum fine. * Third or subsequent conviction: Third-degree felony (up to 5 years prison, $5,000 fine). * Patronizing or soliciting a child (under 18): Second-degree felony (one to 15 years prison, $10,000 fine). Mistake of age is not a defense. Penalties for Aiding Prostitution: * Aiding includes soliciting customers, procuring prostitutes, permitting a place for prostitution, providing services that enable prostitution, or receiving benefit for aiding prostitution. * First conviction: Class A misdemeanor (up to 364 days jail, $2,500 fine). * Subsequent convictions: Third-degree felony (up to 5 years prison, $5,000 fine). Penalties for Exploiting Prostitution: * Exploiting includes encouraging someone to become/remain a prostitute, transporting someone for prostitution, sharing proceeds (unless child/dependent), or owning/managing a place of prostitution. * Third-degree felony (up to 5 years prison, $5,000 fine). Penalties for Aggravated Exploitation of Prostitution: * Aggravated if: exploited prostitute is a child or defendant's spouse, force/threat/fear used, or human smuggling/trafficking involved. * Second-degree felony (one to 15 years prison), except when involving a child, then first-degree felony (5 years to life in prison).

Brothels are declared a public nuisance in Utah under Utah Code Title 47, Chapter 1, Section 1. Operating a prostitution enterprise is illegal under state law. Adult entertainment establishments, often referred to as "sexually oriented businesses," are subject to various local ordinances and regulations across Utah. These regulations typically cover licensing, zoning, and operational aspects to promote public health, safety, and welfare. Specific definitions of "sexually oriented business" and "adult service" vary by municipality but generally include establishments featuring nude or partially denuded individuals, adult motion picture theaters, adult bookstores, and similar businesses. Examples of relevant local codes include those found in Salt Lake County (Chapter 5.20), Taylorsville (Chapter 5.82), and Sandy (Title 16 - Adult Businesses).

Sex toy stores and adult retail businesses in Utah are typically categorized as "sexually oriented businesses" and are subject to stringent local regulations. These regulations often involve specific zoning restrictions, licensing requirements, and operational guidelines. The Utah Supreme Court has previously ruled against sex shop owners challenging the constitutionality of these regulations, indicating a legal precedent for strict oversight. For instance, in Holladay, Utah, it is unlawful to knowingly and willfully distribute or furnish any sex paraphernalia to any minor (Holladay City Code 10.28.050). Provo City Code 9.60.020 defines "Sexual Device Shop" as a commercial establishment that regularly features sexual devices.

Utah has laws against pornography and harmful materials and performances, as outlined in Utah Code Title 76, Chapter 10, Part 12. The state defines and prohibits indecent public displays and lewdness. Key aspects of Utah's obscenity and public decency laws include: * Pornographic and Harmful Materials: Utah Code Section 76-10-1203 and Part 12 generally address the production, distribution, and exhibition of pornographic and harmful materials. The definition of "pornographic" often aligns with the Miller test established by the U.S. Supreme Court. * Indecent Public Displays: Utah Code Section 76-10-1227 and 76-10-1228 prohibit indecent public displays. This includes depictions of illicit sex or sexual immorality, such as human genitals in a state of sexual stimulation or arousal, and acts of human masturbation, sexual intercourse, or sodomy. * Lewdness: Utah Code Section 76-9-702.5 and 76-9-702 address lewdness, which generally refers to committing certain acts in a public place or under circumstances where the person knows or should know that the conduct is likely to be observed by others who would be offended. Penalties for public indecency charges can include class B misdemeanor charges for first-time offenders (up to six months in jail and fines of up to $1,000).

Zoning regulations for adult businesses in Utah are predominantly established at the municipal and county levels, rather than through a single statewide statute. The purpose of these local ordinances is to prevent the concentration of sexually oriented businesses and to regulate their location to promote public health, safety, and welfare. Common Zoning Restrictions: * Designated Zones: Sexually oriented businesses are typically restricted to specific commercial or industrial zones, such as General Commercial (CG), Manufacturing (M-1), or other designated commercial districts. For example, Salt Lake City allows them in CG and M-1 districts (SLC.gov, 21A.36.140). * Distance Requirements: Many ordinances impose distance requirements, prohibiting adult businesses from being located within a certain proximity to residential areas, schools, churches, parks, or other sensitive uses. They may also be restricted from being too close to other sexually oriented businesses. * Local Control: Examples of cities and counties with specific zoning ordinances include Salt Lake City (Chapter 5.61, 21A.36.140), Helper (Chapter 5.20), Salt Lake County (Chapter 19.91), Ogden City (15-13-13), St. George (3-8-4), Brian Head (Chapter 5), and West Valley City (Ch. 17-5).

Licensing for adult businesses in Utah is primarily regulated by local municipal and county ordinances. Businesses categorized as "sexually oriented businesses" are generally required to obtain specific licenses to operate legally within a given jurisdiction. These requirements often extend to employees of such businesses as well. Key aspects of licensing requirements often include: * Business License: A general business license is typically required, along with a specific sexually oriented business license. Examples include ordinances in Salt Lake City (SLC.gov, Chapter 5.61), Murray City, West Haven, Ogden City, and Riverdale City. * Employee Work Cards/Licenses: Many local ordinances also mandate that employees of sexually oriented businesses obtain individual work cards or licenses. This often involves background checks and adherence to specific conduct rules. * Compliance with Local Ordinances: Applicants for these licenses must comply with all local ordinances governing sexually oriented businesses, which can include zoning restrictions, operating hours, and internal conduct rules. * Penalties for Non-Compliance: Operating or working at a sexually oriented business without the required license can result in penalties, often classified as a Class A misdemeanor.

Utah has enacted significant legislation regarding age verification for digital platforms, particularly those with adult content and app stores. Key laws include: * Senate Bill 287 (SB 287): This law requires online platforms to implement age verification for access to adult content. A federal judge has dismissed a lawsuit challenging this law, meaning it remains in effect. * Senate Bill 142 (SB 142) - App Store Accountability Act: Enacted in March 2025, this law requires major app store providers (such as Apple and Google) to verify users' ages and secure parental consent for minors' access to the app ecosystem. It mandates that app store providers request age information during account creation and link minor accounts to verified parent accounts.

Utah has several unique or notable laws related to human sexuality and related topics: * Age of Consent: While the general age of consent in Utah is 18, there are exceptions. A minor who is 14 or 15 can consent to sexual activity with a person who is less than three years older than them (Utah Code Section 76-5-401.2). This is often referred to as a "Romeo and Juliet" law. * Sex Education: Utah law mandates that sex education in public schools must be abstinence-based. Furthermore, schools must obtain prior written consent from a student's parent before providing any sex education instruction to the student (Utah Code Section 53G-10-403). Parents must actively "opt-in" for their children to receive any instruction discussing human sexuality. * Unmarried Oral Sex: While not explicitly a statewide law, some older local ordinances or interpretations have suggested that unmarried oral sex could be subject to penalties, though this is often considered an outdated and rarely enforced interpretation.

Utah has seen several recent legislative changes and proposed bills impacting human sexuality, sex work, and digital content: * HB 566 Sex Education Instruction Amendments (2025): This bill removes "human sexuality" from the definition of sex education instruction, potentially creating confusion about what can be taught and whether LGBTQ+ topics are included. It makes technical changes and has a special effective date of July 1, 2025. * HB 22 Prostitution Offense Amendments (2025): This bill provides new penalties for child offenders of certain prostitution-related offenses, based on the age of the child offender. * HB 13 Sexual Extortion Amendments (2025): This bill amends the crime of sexual extortion to include the act of threatening to distribute a counterfeit intimate image. * SB 142 App Store Accountability Act (2025): As previously mentioned, this act requires app store providers to verify user ages and secure parental consent for minors, aiming to give parents more control over their children's access to apps. * HB 269 (Proposed): This bill would require public universities and colleges to assign housing in sex-segregated student dormitories according to students' biological sex at birth. * Proposed Bill on Sexual Performances in Public (2025): A bill has been proposed that would ban adult-oriented performances in any location where a substantial portion of the public could view them, mirroring similar legislation in other states.

Utah Code §§ 76-3-203, 76-3-204, 76-3-301, 76-10-1302, 76-10-1303, 76-10-1304, 76-10-1305, 76-10-1306, 76-10-1313 (2024); Utah Code Title 47, Chapter 1, Section 1; various municipal codes (e.g., Salt Lake County Chapter 5.20, Taylorsville Chapter 5.82, Sandy Title 16); Holladay City Code 10.28.050; Provo City Code 9.60.020; Utah Code Section 10-8-41.5; Utah Code Title 76, Chapter 10, Part 12 (specifically 76-10-1203, 76-10-1227, 76-10-1228); Utah Code Title 76, Chapter 9, Part 7 (specifically 76-9-702, 76-9-702.5); Salt Lake City Code of Ordinances Chapter 11.16; Salt Lake City Code 21A.36.140, Helper City Code Chapter 5.20, Salt Lake County Code Chapter 19.91, Ogden City Code 15-13-13, St. George Municipal Code 3-8-4, Brian Head Town Code Chapter 5, West Valley City Municipal Code Ch. 17-5; Utah Code Section 17-27a-305; Murray City ordinances, West Haven City Code § 112.07, Ogden City Code 5-15-4, Riverdale City Code Chapter 5, and Park City ordinances; Utah Senate Bill 287; Utah Senate Bill 142 (App Store Accountability Act); Utah Code Section 76-5-401.2; Utah Code Section 53G-10-403; Utah House Bill 566 (2025); Utah House Bill 22 (2025); Utah House Bill 13 (2025).

• Utah Code Title 76 (Utah Criminal Code). (2024). Utah State Legislature. https://le.utah.gov/ • Sex Education Collaborative. (2024). Utah state profile. https://sexeducationcollaborative.org/states/utah • Utah State Board of Education. (2024). Health education core standards. https://www.schools.utah.gov/

Prostitution and sex work are illegal in Vermont under 13 V.S.A. § 2632. This statute prohibits various activities including occupying or permitting a place for prostitution, receiving or offering persons for prostitution, directing or transporting persons for prostitution, procuring or soliciting, engaging in prostitution, or aiding/abetting. Penalties include fines up to $100 or imprisonment up to one year for a first offense, and up to three years for a second offense. There are ongoing legislative efforts (S.54 and H.190 in the 2025-2026 session) to decriminalize consensual adult sex work. A 2021 'immunity law' provides limited criminal immunity to sex workers who report crimes against themselves.

Vermont law (13 V.S.A. § 2632) prohibits occupying or permitting a place, structure, building, or conveyance for the purpose of prostitution, lewdness, or assignation. This implicitly covers brothels. There are no specific state laws found that explicitly define or regulate 'brothels' as separate entities. Adult entertainment establishments are subject to local zoning ordinances, as seen in St. Albans City, which restricts them to specific districts and limits signage. Shelburne also sought to restrict adult entertainment venues through zoning.

Vermont does not have specific state-level laws exclusively regulating sex toy stores or adult retail businesses. However, local ordinances may apply. The Hartford Zoning Adult-Oriented Business PDF (though a local ordinance, not state law) defines 'Adult Retail' as an establishment where 10% or more of the public floor area is devoted to adult media, or 5% or more to sexually oriented toys or novelties, or advertises itself as sexually oriented. Businesses like 'Earth and Salt' operate in Burlington, indicating that such businesses are permitted under general business regulations and local zoning.

Vermont's obscenity laws are primarily found in 13 V.S.A. Chapter 63. Key sections include: § 2801 (Definitions), § 2802 (Disseminating indecent material to a minor in the presence of the minor), § 2802a (Disseminating indecent material to a minor outside the presence of the minor), § 2802b (Minor electronically disseminating indecent material to another person), § 2803 (Distribution of indecent material), § 2804 (Exhibition of motion pictures), § 2804a (Publicly displaying sex or nudity for advertising purposes), § 2804b (Displaying obscene materials to minors), § 2805 (Presumption and defense), § 2806 (Severability), § 2807 (Penalty), § 2808 (Uniformity), § 2809 (Civil action prerequisite for criminal prosecution), § 2810 (Commencement of civil action), § 2811 (Procedure), § 2812 (Judgment), and § 2813 (Injunctions). Public decency laws are often addressed through local ordinances, which may prohibit public nudity or indecent exposure.

Zoning laws for adult businesses in Vermont are primarily handled at the municipal level. For example, St. Albans City has advanced zoning amendments that restrict adult entertainment establishments to specific districts and limit their signage. The Hartford Zoning Adult-Oriented Business PDF (a local ordinance) outlines regulations for adult-oriented businesses, including adult retail and adult cabarets, and specifies that they are only allowed within Industrial/Commercial zoning districts. Shelburne also sought to restrict adult entertainment venues through zoning regulations.

Vermont does not have a general statewide business license. Licensing requirements for adult businesses, including adult entertainment establishments, are primarily handled at the local level through municipal ordinances. For example, the City of Rutland requires an 'Entertainment Club Permit.' Businesses must comply with local zoning and other specific permits depending on the nature of the business. Cannabis businesses have specific state-level licensing requirements, but this is distinct from adult entertainment.

The Vermont Age-Appropriate Design Code Act (SB 69), signed into law on June 12, 2025, requires 'covered businesses' that develop or provide online services, products, or features 'reasonably likely to be accessed' by minors under 18 to use age-assurance methods specified in rules to be issued by the Vermont Attorney General to verify the age of users. This applies to digital platforms with content potentially accessed by minors. The law aims to protect minors from harmful online practices and prohibits certain data collection and design features for minors. It does not specifically mandate age verification for online pornography, but rather for any online service 'reasonably likely to be accessed' by minors.

Vermont has a unique stance on public nudity, where it is generally not illegal if a person leaves their house naked, but disrobing in public is prohibited. However, local ordinances (e.g., Burlington, Shelburne, Rutland) have been enacted to regulate public indecency and nudity. Recent legislative efforts to decriminalize consensual adult sex work (S.54 and H.190) are also notable, as is the 2021 'immunity law' for sex workers reporting crimes.

Recent legislative changes and proposed bills include: S.54 and H.190 (2025-2026 legislative session) which aim to decriminalize consensual adult sex work. The Vermont Age-Appropriate Design Code Act (SB 69) was signed into law on June 12, 2025, regulating digital platforms and protecting minors online. There have also been local efforts to regulate public nudity and adult entertainment through zoning amendments, such as in Burlington and St. Albans City.

13 V.S.A. § 2632 (Prostitution); 13 V.S.A. Chapter 63 (Obscenity); Vermont Age-Appropriate Design Code Act (SB 69); S.54 (2025-2026 legislative session); H.190 (2025-2026 legislative session). Local ordinances like Hartford Zoning Adult-Oriented Business and St. Albans City zoning amendments are also relevant.

• Vermont Statutes Title 13 (Crimes and Criminal Procedure). (2024). Vermont General Assembly. https://legislature.vermont.gov/ • Sex Education Collaborative. (2024). Vermont state profile. https://sexeducationcollaborative.org/states/vermont • Vermont Agency of Education. (2024). Health education standards. https://education.vermont.gov/

Under Virginia law, prostitution is a sex crime. It is defined as trading sexual favors, fornication, or sexual contact for financial gain. It is a Class 1 misdemeanor, punishable with up to 12 months in jail and a maximum fine of $2,500. Mandatory STD testing and counseling may also be required. Solicitation carries the same penalties. Both the person paying and the one providing the sex act can be charged. Pandering or promoting prostitution (e.g., taking money from earnings, providing a place for illegal acts) are Class 4 felony charges. Legal Citations: Virginia Code Annotated § 18.2-346 (Prostitution; commercial sexual conduct); Virginia Code Annotated § 18.2-361.

Virginia law addresses "houses of prostitution" primarily through nuisance laws. Title 48, Chapter 2 of the Virginia Code pertains to "Houses of Prostitution, Etc." and defines them as nuisances, allowing for abatement, injunctions, and closure of buildings, indicating that operating a brothel is illegal. Adult entertainment establishments are regulated at the local level through various ordinances covering zoning, permitting/licensing, and operational restrictions (e.g., hours of operation, stage requirements, physical contact rules). Legal Citations: Virginia Code Title 48, Chapter 2 (Houses of Prostitution, Etc.); Staunton City Code Chapter 5.40 ADULT BUSINESSES; Chesterfield County Code, ARTICLE VI. (Adult Entertainment); Henrico County Code 15-182 (Adult Business Permit); Richmond County Code § 157.109 SEXUALLY ORIENTED BUSINESS; Tappahannock Code of Ordinances, Chapter 15 - SEXUALLY ORIENTED BUSINESS REGULATIONS; York County zoning regulations for sexually-oriented businesses.

Virginia has explicit laws that ban the sale of sex toys, often linking them to obscenity statutes. The sale of sex toys can be illegal in Virginia, with potential penalties including fines and jail time. This is often enforced under obscenity laws, which prohibit the sale or possession with intent to sell of any "obscene item." Local ordinances also regulate "sexually oriented businesses" or "adult businesses," covering permitting/licensing, zoning restrictions, and operational restrictions. Legal Citations: Virginia Code Article 5. Obscenity and Related Offenses; Local ordinances governing "Adult Businesses" or "Sexually Oriented Businesses" (e.g., Staunton City Code Chapter 5.40, Richmond County Code § 157.109).

Virginia law defines and regulates obscenity and public decency. "Obscene" is defined in § 18.2-372 as having a dominant theme appealing to prurient interest, patently offensive, and utterly without redeeming social value. It is illegal to knowingly produce, publish, sell, or distribute any obscene item. Indecent exposure (§ 18.2-387) is defined as intentionally making an obscene display of one's person in public or where others are present to be offended. Both are typically Class 1 misdemeanors, with indecent exposure carrying up to 12 months in jail and a $2,500 fine. Legal Citations: Code of Virginia, Title 18.2, Chapter 8, Article 5 (Obscenity and Related Offenses); § 18.2-372 ("Obscene" defined); § 18.2-373 (Obscene items enumerated); § 18.2-387 (Indecent exposure); § 18.2-387.1 (Obscene sexual display; penalty).

Zoning regulations for adult businesses in Virginia are primarily handled at the local level, varying by county and city. Common restrictions include distance requirements from sensitive locations (e.g., schools, churches) and limitations to specific commercial or industrial zoning districts. Local ordinances define what constitutes an "adult business" or "sexually oriented business." Legal Citations: Staunton City Code Chapter 5.40 ADULT BUSINESSES; Tappahannock Code of Ordinances, Chapter 15 - SEXUALLY ORIENTED BUSINESS REGULATIONS; Chesapeake Zoning Ordinance, Article 13, Section 13-1103 (Location of sexually oriented businesses); York County zoning regulations for sexually-oriented businesses; City of Galax, VA Sexually Oriented Business ordinances; Virginia Code Title 15.2, Chapter 22, Article 7 (Zoning, provides framework for local regulations).

Virginia does not have a single state-level license for adult businesses; instead, licensing is handled at the local (county and city) level. Many localities require specific permits or licenses, involving an application process, fees (e.g., Henrico County has a $200 application fee), background checks, and compliance with local ordinances. Legal Citations: Henrico County Code 15-182 (Adult Business Permit); Chesterfield County Adult Business Permit Application; Staunton City Code Chapter 5.40 ADULT BUSINESSES (prohibits operation without a permit); Virginia Code Title 15.2, Chapter 22, Article 7 (Zoning, provides framework for local regulations).

Virginia has implemented age verification laws for digital platforms, particularly those hosting adult content. Senate Bill 1515 (SB 1515), enacted in July 2023, requires websites that contain material harmful to minors to implement age verification measures, typically involving identity verification. While the law is in effect, compliance is an ongoing issue, and individuals can sue non-compliant websites for damages. Legal Citations: Virginia Senate Bill 1515 (SB 1515); Virginia Code § 59.1-575 and § 59.1-577.1 (related to digital privacy, as per CHAP0703 - 2025 Regular Session).

Virginia has an explicit ban on sex toy sales, often interpreted under obscenity statutes, which is a more stringent stance than many other states. Some localities have "Brothel Rule" type ordinances limiting unrelated individuals living together, indirectly impacting communal living. Historically, Virginia had sodomy laws, though these are no longer valid. Legal Citations: Virginia Code Article 5. Obscenity and Related Offenses; Virginia Code Title 48, Chapter 2 (Houses of Prostitution, Etc.).

Recent changes include a new Reproductive and Sexual Health Privacy Law (effective 2025) requiring opt-in consent for handling sensitive health information. Senate Bill 1515 (SB 1515), effective July 2023, mandates age verification for adult content websites. There's also proposed/recent legislation regarding social media use by minors and ongoing updates to local zoning regulations for sexually-oriented businesses (e.g., York County, January 2025). The Virginia Senate has also approved a bill to establish an adult-use marijuana program (February 2025). Legal Citations: Virginia Senate Bill 1515 (SB 1515); Virginia Code § 59.1-575 and § 59.1-577.1 (related to digital privacy, as per CHAP0703 - 2025 Regular Session); Local ordinances for zoning and licensing (e.g., York County zoning regulations).

Virginia Code Annotated § 18.2-346 (Prostitution; commercial sexual conduct); Virginia Code Annotated § 18.2-361; Virginia Code Title 48, Chapter 2 (Houses of Prostitution, Etc.); Staunton City Code Chapter 5.40 ADULT BUSINESSES; Chesterfield County Code, ARTICLE VI. (Adult Entertainment); Henrico County Code 15-182 (Adult Business Permit); Richmond County Code § 157.109 SEXUALLY ORIENTED BUSINESS; Tappahannock Code of Ordinances, Chapter 15 - SEXUALLY ORIENTED BUSINESS REGULATIONS; York County zoning regulations for sexually-oriented businesses; Virginia Code Article 5. Obscenity and Related Offenses; § 18.2-372 ("Obscene" defined); § 18.2-373 (Obscene items enumerated); § 18.2-387 (Indecent exposure); § 18.2-387.1 (Obscene sexual display; penalty); Virginia Senate Bill 1515 (SB 1515); Virginia Code § 59.1-575 and § 59.1-577.1 (related to digital privacy, as per CHAP0703 - 2025 Regular Session); Virginia Code § 18.2-366 (Sexual intercourse by persons forbidden to marry; incest).

• Code of Virginia Title 18.2 (Crimes and Offenses Generally). (2024). Virginia General Assembly. https://lis.virginia.gov/ • Sex Education Collaborative. (2024). Virginia state profile. https://sexeducationcollaborative.org/states/virginia • Virginia Department of Education. (2024). Health education standards of learning. http://www.doe.virginia.gov/

Prostitution is illegal in Washington State. RCW 9A.88.030 states that a person age eighteen or older is guilty of prostitution if they engage or agree or offer to engage in sexual conduct with another person in return for a fee. "Sexual conduct" includes "sexual intercourse" or "sexual contact" as defined in chapter 9A.44 RCW. Prostitution is a misdemeanor.

Washington state law does not explicitly define or regulate brothels as legal entities. Activities associated with brothels fall under broader prostitution and promoting prostitution statutes within RCW 9A.88. Relevant sections include 9A.88.060 (Promoting prostitution—Definitions), 9A.88.070 (Promoting prostitution in the first degree), 9A.88.080 (Promoting prostitution in the second degree), and 9A.88.085 (Permitting prostitution). These criminalize actions like owning, managing, or promoting a place where prostitution occurs. Brothels currently remain illegal.

There are generally no specific state-level age restrictions on the purchase of sex toys in Washington State (age of majority is 18, RCW 26.28.010). However, local ordinances, such as Olympia Municipal Code (OMC) Chapter 5.16, regulate "Adult Oriented Businesses" (AOBs). These regulations often include definitions of AOBs (e.g., adult arcades, cabarets, bookstores), licensing requirements, building and operation specifications, standards of conduct, hours of operation, and signage regulations.

Washington State law addresses obscenity and public indecency primarily under RCW 9.68 (Obscenity and Pornography) and RCW 9A.88 (Indecent Exposure—Prostitution). RCW 9.68.010 defines "obscene" material based on a three-part test (similar to the Miller test): (a) appeals to prurient interest, (b) depicts sexual conduct in a patently offensive way, and (c) lacks serious literary, artistic, political, or scientific value. RCW 9A.88.010 covers indecent exposure, criminalizing intentional open and obscene exposure of a person.

Zoning regulations for adult businesses in Washington State are typically handled at the local (city and county) level, not by statewide law. Local ordinances aim to regulate the location of adult businesses to prevent negative impacts, often by requiring separation from residential areas, schools, churches, and parks, or by restricting them to specific commercial/industrial zones. For example, Olympia Municipal Code (OMC) Chapter 5.16.020 states that location is governed by the City of Olympia Unified Development Code.

Licensing requirements for adult businesses in Washington State are primarily established at the local level through city and county ordinances for "adult oriented businesses" (AOBs). Common requirements include submitting detailed license applications, undergoing investigations, meeting requirements for issuance, adhering to license terms and renewals, and prohibiting certain individuals (e.g., those with criminal convictions) from obtaining a license. (Based on OMC Chapter 5.16).

As of August 16, 2025, Washington State does not have a specific law requiring age verification for access to online pornography or general adult content platforms. While there are ongoing discussions and proposed legislation (e.g., Senate Bill 5708 regarding minors' online content), no such comprehensive law has been enacted.

A notable recent law is the "Strippers' Bill of Rights" (signed March 26, 2024), which requires training for employees in adult entertainment establishments to prevent sexual harassment, identify human trafficking, and de-escalate conflict. There is also an ongoing movement to legalize parts of the sex trade in Washington State, which could significantly alter the legal landscape regarding brothels and sex work.

Recent legislative changes include the "Strippers' Bill of Rights" (signed March 26, 2024). Proposed legislation includes Senate Bill 5708, which aims to protect children from addictive online content and proposes age-based restrictions for social media platforms. There is also a significant ongoing push to legalize parts of the sex trade in Washington State.

RCW 9A.88.030 (Prostitution), RCW 9A.88.060 (Promoting prostitution—Definitions), RCW 9A.88.070 (Promoting prostitution in the first degree), RCW 9A.88.080 (Promoting prostitution in the second degree), RCW 9A.88.085 (Permitting prostitution), RCW 26.28.010 (Age of Majority), RCW 9.68 (Obscenity and Pornography), RCW 9A.88.010 (Indecent Exposure). Local municipal codes such as Olympia Municipal Code (OMC) Chapter 5.16 are also relevant for adult retail, zoning, and licensing. Proposed legislation like Senate Bill 5708 is also a relevant legal citation.

• Revised Code of Washington Title 9A (Washington Criminal Code). (2024). Washington State Legislature. http://leg.wa.gov/ • Sex Education Collaborative. (2024). Washington state profile. https://sexeducationcollaborative.org/states/washington • Washington Office of Superintendent of Public Instruction. (2024). Health and fitness learning standards. https://www.k12.wa.us/

West Virginia Code §61-8-5 comprehensively prohibits all aspects of prostitution and sex work. Keeping, setting up, maintaining, or operating a house of prostitution is punishable by 6 months to 1 year in county jail and $100-$250 fine for first offense, and 1-5 years in penitentiary for subsequent offenses. Engaging in prostitution, soliciting, or residing in a place of prostitution is punishable by 60 days to 6 months in county jail and $50-$100 fine for first offense, 6 months to 1 year and $100-$250 for second offense, and 1-3 years in state correctional facility for subsequent offenses. Minor victims of sex trafficking are immune from prosecution. All leases for prostitution-related properties are void upon conviction.

Brothels are explicitly illegal under West Virginia Code §61-8-5, which prohibits keeping, setting up, maintaining, or operating any house, place, building, hotel, tourist camp, other structure, or part thereof, or vehicle, trailer, or other conveyance for the purpose of prostitution, lewdness, or assignation. Adult entertainment establishments are regulated through West Virginia Code §7-1-3JJ, which allows county commissions to adopt ordinances limiting areas where exotic entertainment may be offered. West Virginia Code §60-4-23 requires licensing for commercial facilities offering exotic entertainment, particularly when alcohol is involved.

Currently, there is no statewide ban on sex toy stores, but proposed West Virginia House Bill 2919 (2023) would prohibit adult video stores and adult arcades from operating physical locations in the state. The bill defines 'adult bookstore' or 'adult video store' to include establishments that sell 'instruments, devices or paraphernalia that are designed for use in connection with specified sexual activities,' directly targeting sex toy sales. Violations would be misdemeanors punishable by fines up to $1,000, with enhanced penalties for repeat offenses. Local ordinances may also regulate adult retail businesses through zoning and licensing requirements.

West Virginia Code §61-8A-1 defines 'obscene matter' using the three-prong test: appeals to prurient interest under contemporary community standards, depicts sexually explicit conduct in a patently offensive way, and lacks serious literary, artistic, political, or scientific value. 'Sexually explicit conduct' includes sexual intercourse, sodomy, oral copulation, sexual bestiality, sexual sadism and masochism, masturbation, excretory functions, and lewd exhibition of genitals. West Virginia Code §61-8A-2 addresses distribution and display of obscene matter to minors. West Virginia Code §61-8-9 criminalizes indecent exposure. Recent legislative efforts include bills to remove exemptions for libraries and museums and increase penalties for repeat indecent exposure offenses.

West Virginia does not have comprehensive statewide zoning laws for adult businesses. Instead, West Virginia Code §7-1-3JJ empowers county commissions to adopt ordinances limiting areas where exotic entertainment may be offered. Local governments extensively regulate sexually oriented businesses through zoning ordinances, including distance requirements from schools, churches, and residential areas. Examples include Wellsburg (Code 1323.10), South Charleston (Code 1351.01), Morgan County, Clarksburg (Article 773), and Summersville (Article 753) ordinances that define, restrict, and regulate the location and operation of adult businesses.

General business registration is required for all businesses through the West Virginia Tax Division. West Virginia Code §60-4-23 specifically requires licensing for commercial facilities offering exotic entertainment, particularly when alcohol is involved. Local governments impose additional licensing requirements through municipal ordinances, including business operation licenses and individual employee permits. Examples include annual licensing periods in Clarksburg and specific business license requirements in the Town of Bath. Many local ordinances require permits for performers and other employees of adult businesses, with annual renewal requirements and associated fees.

West Virginia has proposed but not yet enacted comprehensive age verification laws for digital platforms. House Bill 4867 (2024) and Senate Bill 633 (2025) propose requiring commercial entities that publish or distribute material harmful to minors to verify user ages using state-issued identification. The bills define 'material harmful to minors' broadly to include sexually explicit content and would impose liability on non-compliant entities. Existing laws include West Virginia Code §61-3C-14A addressing obscene communications via electronic devices, and laws against sexting, revenge porn (§61-8B-1), and artificially generated child pornography (proposed SB 198).

West Virginia Senate Bill 456 (2025), signed into law on March 18, 2025, legally defines sex as male or female based on biological characteristics observed at birth, establishing only two sexes under state law. This represents a significant legislative move with implications for gender identity issues. West Virginia has been pursuing strict age verification legislation for online adult content, potentially requiring state-issued identification for access. The state treats both buying and selling sex equally under the law, meaning purchasers and providers face the same criminal charges. Recent legislative efforts show a conservative trend toward stricter regulation of adult content and broader application of obscenity laws.

Major recent legislative activity includes: (1) Senate Bill 456 (2025) defining sex based on biological characteristics, signed into law March 18, 2025; (2) Proposed House Bill 4867 (2024) and Senate Bill 633 (2025) requiring age verification for online adult content; (3) Proposed House Bill 2919 (2023) to ban adult video stores and arcades; (4) Bills passed by WV House (February 2024) removing exemptions for libraries and museums from obscenity laws; (5) Senate Bill 160 (2024) proposing increased penalties for repeat indecent exposure; (6) Senate Bill 287 (2025) providing additional protection for minor sex trafficking victims; (7) Senate Bill 154 (2025) prohibiting sexual orientation instruction in public schools.

Primary statutes: West Virginia Code §61-8-5 (prostitution and brothels), §61-8A-1 and §61-8A-2 (obscenity definitions and penalties), §61-8-9 (indecent exposure), §7-1-3JJ (county exotic entertainment ordinances), §60-4-23 (exotic entertainment licensing), §61-3C-14A (obscene electronic communications), §61-8B-1 (revenge porn). Recent legislation: Senate Bill 456 (2025, enacted), House Bill 4867 (2024, proposed), Senate Bill 633 (2025, proposed), House Bill 2919 (2023, proposed), Senate Bill 160 (2024, proposed), Senate Bill 287 (2025, proposed), Senate Bill 154 (2025, proposed). Local ordinances vary by jurisdiction but commonly found in municipal codes under titles related to adult entertainment, sexually oriented businesses, or zoning regulations.

• West Virginia Code Chapter 61 (Crimes and Their Punishment). (2024). West Virginia Legislature. http://www.wvlegislature.gov/ • Sex Education Collaborative. (2024). West Virginia state profile. https://sexeducationcollaborative.org/states/west-virginia • West Virginia Department of Education. (2024). Health education content standards. https://wvde.us/

Wisconsin law makes prostitution in its many forms unlawful, including selling and buying sex (solicitation), pimping, and human trafficking. While prostitution-related crimes are often misdemeanors, profiting from prostitution (pimping) or keeping a place of prostitution are felony offenses. Prohibited activities include: offering to engage in non-marital sexual intercourse or any other act for purposes of sexual gratification in exchange for anything of value (Prostitution); entering or remaining in a place of prostitution to have non-marital sex, oral or anal sex, masturbation, or other sexual contact with a prostitute (Patronizing prostitutes); soliciting a person to have non-marital sex, oral or anal sex, masturbation, or other sexual relations with a known sex worker, or facilitating another person to practice prostitution (Pandering); intentionally soliciting or causing a person to engage in prostitution (Soliciting prostitutes); and intentionally keeping a brothel or allowing another to act as an inmate of a place of prostitution (Keeping a place of prostitution). Penalties vary by offense class: Benefiting from human trafficking (Class D Felony – up to 25 years imprisonment and $100,000 fine); Profiting from human trafficking (Class F Felony – up to 12.5 years imprisonment and $25,000 fine); Soliciting prostitutes or maintaining a house of prostitution (Class H Felony – up to six years imprisonment and $10,000 fine); Prostitution, patronizing a prostitute, and pandering (Class A Misdemeanor – up to nine months in jail and a $10,000 fine). Human trafficking victims can also sue for civil damages.

Keeping a place of prostitution is a Class H Felony in Wisconsin, punishable by up to six years imprisonment and a $10,000 fine. This includes intentionally keeping a brothel or allowing another to act as an inmate of a place of prostitution. Regulations for adult entertainment establishments are primarily handled at the local municipal level, with various cities and villages having their own ordinances.

Regulations for sex toy stores and adult retail businesses in Wisconsin are primarily handled at the local municipal level, rather than through statewide statutes. Common themes in these local regulations include licensing requirements, age restrictions (prohibiting persons under 18), and zoning restrictions.

Wisconsin's obscenity laws define 'obscene material' and 'obscene performance' based on contemporary community standards, appealing to prurient interest, patently offensive depiction of sexual conduct, and lacking serious literary, artistic, political, educational, or scientific value. 'Sexual conduct' includes various acts such as sexual intercourse, sodomy, bestiality, and lewd exhibition of human genitals. Public decency laws include: Lewd and Lascivious Behavior (944.20) – Class A misdemeanor for indecent acts of sexual gratification in the presence of others; Making Lewd, Obscene or Indecent Drawings (944.23) – Class C misdemeanor for making such drawings in public; Sending Obscene or Sexually Explicit Electronic Messages (944.25) – wholesale transfer or distribution of obscene material is a Class H felony.

Zoning laws for adult businesses in Wisconsin are predominantly established and enforced at the municipal level. Local ordinances often restrict adult businesses to specific commercial or industrial zones, require minimum distances from sensitive locations (residential areas, schools, churches), and may require conditional use permits. The purpose of these ordinances is to promote public health, safety, and welfare.

Licensing requirements for adult businesses are primarily determined at the local municipal level. Most municipalities require adult-oriented establishments to obtain a specific license to operate. Specific requirements vary by city or county.

Wisconsin is actively considering and passing legislation regarding age verification for digital platforms, particularly those containing material harmful to minors. Assembly Bill 105 (AB105), introduced in March 2025, proposes to prohibit business entities from knowingly publishing or distributing material harmful to minors on the Internet unless a reasonable age verification method is performed. This bill also includes provisions for preventing access from VPNs and prohibits retaining identifying information after age verification. 'Material harmful to minors' is defined as material appealing to prurient interests, depicting sexual acts or body parts, and lacking serious value for minors.

Wisconsin was the first state in the United States to pass a law prohibiting discrimination based on sexual orientation in 1982. This was a significant legislative milestone for LGBTQ+ rights.

Assembly Bill 105 (AB105), introduced in March 2025, is a recent legislative effort aimed at requiring age verification for access to online content deemed harmful to minors. This reflects a current trend in state-level legislation to regulate access to digital sexual content.

Prostitution and Sex Work: Wisconsin Statutes Chapter 944, Sections 944.30, 944.31, 944.32, 944.33, 944.34. Obscenity and Public Decency: Wisconsin Statutes Chapter 944, Sections 944.20, 944.21, 944.23, 944.25. Age Verification for Digital Platforms: Assembly Bill 105 (AB105), 2025-2026 Legislature (proposed legislation). Adult Retail and Zoning Laws: Primarily governed by local municipal ordinances; specific citations vary by city/county.

• Wisconsin Statutes Chapter 944 (Crimes Against Sexual Morality and Decency). (2024). Wisconsin Legislature. https://docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/ • Sex Education Collaborative. (2024). Wisconsin state profile. https://sexeducationcollaborative.org/states/wisconsin • Wisconsin Department of Public Instruction. (2024). Health education standards. https://dpi.wi.gov/

In Wyoming, prostitution is illegal. Wyoming Statutes § 6-4-101 defines prostitution as knowingly or intentionally performing or permitting, or offering or agreeing to perform or permit an act of sexual intrusion for money or other property. It is a misdemeanor punishable by imprisonment for not more than six (6) months, a fine of not more than seven hundred fifty dollars ($750.00), or both. Soliciting an act of prostitution (Wyoming Statutes § 6-4-102) carries the same penalties. Promoting prostitution (Wyoming Statutes § 6-4-103) is a felony punishable by imprisonment for not more than five (5) years, a fine of not more than five thousand dollars ($5,000.00), or both.

Brothels are illegal in Wyoming. Prostitution and promoting prostitution are prohibited statewide. Local ordinances may further regulate adult entertainment establishments. For example, Cheyenne's Code of Ordinances, Chapter 5.64, defines and regulates 'Sexually Oriented Businesses' which include adult arcades, adult bookstores, adult video stores, adult cabarets, adult motels, adult motion picture theaters, adult theaters, escort agencies, nude model studios, or sexual encounter centers. These local regulations often focus on licensing, zoning, and operational restrictions rather than legalizing brothels.

Regulations for sex toy stores and adult retail businesses are primarily handled at the local level in Wyoming, often under the umbrella of 'sexually oriented businesses.' These local ordinances, such as those found in Cody, Cheyenne, and Powell, define what constitutes an adult novelty store or adult bookstore based on the percentage of stock or floor space devoted to sexually explicit materials or instruments designed for specified sexual activities. These businesses are subject to specific zoning restrictions, licensing requirements, and operational guidelines, including hours of operation and restrictions on minors.

Wyoming has laws against obscenity and public indecency. Wyoming Statutes Title 6, Chapter 4, Article 3, addresses obscenity. Promoting obscenity (Wyoming Statutes § 6-4-302) is a misdemeanor with penalties varying based on whether the material is disseminated to an adult or a minor. Public indecency (Wyoming Statutes § 6-4-201) is a misdemeanor punishable by imprisonment for not more than six (6) months, a fine of not more than seven hundred fifty dollars ($750.00), or both. Public indecency includes performing an act of sexual intrusion, exposing intimate parts with intent to arouse sexual desire, or engaging in sexual contact with intent to arouse sexual desire in a public place where one may reasonably be viewed by others. Breastfeeding an infant is explicitly exempted from public indecency.

Zoning laws for adult businesses in Wyoming are primarily enacted at the municipal and county levels. These regulations often restrict sexually oriented businesses to specific zoning districts (e.g., industrial zones) and impose distance requirements from residential areas, schools, churches, and other sensitive locations. Examples include ordinances in Cody, Cheyenne, Powell, and Green River, which define 'sexually oriented businesses' and specify where they can operate. Some counties, like Carbon County and Uinta County, also have specific zoning overlays or resolutions for sexually oriented businesses.

Licensing requirements for adult businesses in Wyoming are determined by local municipalities and counties. Businesses classified as 'sexually oriented businesses' are typically required to obtain special licenses or permits from the local government. These licenses often involve an application process, fees, and compliance with specific operational and conduct regulations. For instance, cities like Cheyenne and Rock Springs have business licensing procedures that would apply to adult businesses, with some ordinances specifically detailing the licensing process for sexually oriented businesses.

Wyoming has enacted age verification laws for digital platforms with adult content. House Bill 43 (HB0043), enacted in 2025, requires age verification for websites with 'material harmful to minors.' A 'covered platform' that hosts or makes available such content for profit must perform 'reasonable age verification measures' to prevent access by minors. These measures can include Wyoming driver's licenses, state identification cards, U.S. passports, U.S. military cards, tribal identification cards, or credit/debit cards (with age verification). The law also states that identifying information used for age verification should not be retained after access is granted. Violations can lead to civil actions and damages.

A notable recent law in Wyoming is HB0043 (2025), which mandates age verification for websites containing 'material harmful to minors.' This law has led to some adult content platforms restricting access for Wyoming residents. Another notable aspect is that while prostitution is illegal statewide, local jurisdictions have extensive ordinances regulating 'sexually oriented businesses,' which often include detailed definitions and restrictions on adult entertainment and retail, indicating a strong local control over these types of establishments.

Recent legislative changes in Wyoming include the enactment of HB0043 in 2025, which requires age verification for websites with material harmful to minors. Additionally, HB0062 (2025) amended prostitution and solicitation laws to include 'sexual contact' in its definition. There have also been discussions and proposed bills related to defining biological sex (HB0032) and addressing the access of minors to sexually explicit materials in libraries, indicating ongoing legislative activity in areas related to human sexuality and adult content.

Recent legislative changes in Wyoming include the enactment of HB0043 in 2025, which requires age verification for websites with material harmful to minors. Additionally, HB0062 (2025) amended prostitution and solicitation laws to include 'sexual contact' in its definition. There have also been discussions and proposed bills related to defining biological sex (HB0032) and addressing the access of minors to sexually explicit materials in libraries, indicating ongoing legislative activity in areas related to human sexuality and adult content.

• Wyoming Statutes Title 6 (Crimes and Offenses). (2024). Wyoming Legislature. https://www.wyoleg.gov/ • Sex Education Collaborative. (2024). Wyoming state profile. https://sexeducationcollaborative.org/states/wyoming • Wyoming Department of Education. (2024). Health education content and performance standards. https://edu.wyoming.gov/